Catalyst

Reference

Evidence

CompoundsSubstances with curated findings
OutcomesMeasured endpoints
ProteinsTransporters and enzymes
InteractionsPairs that share biology
PapersEvery paper a finding cites
ArticlesReadings of the evidence

Chemistry

ReactionsRhea and Human-GEM, by subsystem
ReachWhat a compound can become

Reference layer

PathwaysReactions grouped under one name
ProcessesWhat proteins are annotated as doing
AnatomyTissues, by what is expressed there
Cell typesCells, by what is expressed there
OrganismsSpecies a compound is prepared from
MaterialsSubstances that are not one molecule
AssessmentsRegulatory determinations, transcribed
DiseasesFeatures, genes, and where each sits

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Search the graph

Search ?

Reference

Evidence

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Interactions
Papers
Articles

Chemistry

Reactions
Reach

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Loading the page.

Catalyst

Computational infrastructure for human biology, built on a provenance-aware knowledge graph. Findings retain their sources; research and simulation are the next layers.

The graph

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Atlas
Interactions
Papers
Articles
Graph
Search

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases
Reactions
Reach

How it works

Mission
Method
Twin
How to read the evidence
Sources and licences

Build on it

Access
In your assistant
For agents
Query the graph
Bulk export

A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

Reach

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

427 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 50 in 2, 375 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
1. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS
(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
1. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT2

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol
(S)-carnitineReach from here →
Catalysed by CARS2, CPT1A

Page 2 of 9

, CPT1C

, CPT1B

mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

One of 245 routes

2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, MOCS1

AReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 72 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

prostaglandin H3Reach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
prostaglandin G3 + AH2 = prostaglandin H3 + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

(13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2

acetoacetateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by CARS2, MOCOS, PTGS2

N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

Catalysed by CARS2, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 morecytosol

N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3mitochondrial matrix

N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

D-histidineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

L-homoarginineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A6, SLC25A29extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

L-homocarnosineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
Formation of homocarnosine

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol

N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GARTmitochondrial matrix

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1mitochondrial matrix

2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

kinetensinReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
Chymase

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix

(7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by CARS2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

acetaldehydeReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

CHEBI:15345Reach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by CARS2, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

cholineReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

Catalysed by CARS2, CHATmitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

acetylpyruvateReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CARS2, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

Catalysed by CARS2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

CHEBI:15380Reach from here →

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

Catalysed by CARS2, ALAS1, CPNE7mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes