all-trans-retinol

Three steps

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 more

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl esterReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + H2O = N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 4 more

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 17 routes

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, LPCAT2 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, CARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, AIFM1, PYROXD1, SCLY

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H2O = phosphocholine + glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of propanoate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDH, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of butyrate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by RETSAT, D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 12 morecytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LRAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, PLA2G4A and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by RETSAT, MOCOS, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moremitochondrial matrix

• a fatty aldehydeReach from here →
  1. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
  2. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a fatty aldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = a fatty acid + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by LRAT, RPE65, ALDH3A2cytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11, RDH12 and 11 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes