2-oxobutanoate

Three steps

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by AGXT2, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRB3 and 2 more

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosolOne of 4 routes

• thiamine triphosphateReach from here →
  1. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)
  2. lipoamide to thiamin-PP conversion
  3. ATP:thiamine-diphosphate phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, TPK1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, SDR42E2, AKR1B15 and 16 morecytosol

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreOne of 2 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC7A10, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC7A10, GGTLC3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-threonine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-threonine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC1A4, PRODH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, DERA

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC7A10, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Active Transport
  3. Utilized Transport

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulum

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 3 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by ACOT7cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by ACOT7cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes