L-cysteinylglycine

Three steps

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• selaneReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 5 morecytosolOne of 16 routes

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CDO1 and 2 morecytosol

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, MOCOS and 2 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4'-Phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, PPCS and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• creatineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GATM and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SUOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 11 morecytosol

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• anilineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 2 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, MOCOS and 1 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GNMT and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes