anserine

Three steps

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC12A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SCLYcytosol

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, SLC1A7 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, DARS1cytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, CAD

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9extracellular space, cytosolOne of 16 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, ASS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, ADSS2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CARNS1One of 3 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, KYNU

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, OAT

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, AGA

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, KYNU

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, SLC7A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2One of 4 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, PAICScytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GATM, AGXT2One of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  3. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2, MOCOS

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CNDP1, AGXT2