glutathione disulfide

Three steps

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Si-specific) (H2S2O3)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, PAPSS1, PAPSS2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, PAICScytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, IL4I1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by CTH, CLYBLcytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSR, PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CTH, HOGA1cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Si-specific) (H2S2O3)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC4A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol

• 18-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 3-demethylubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10
  3. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, SQOR, COQ3

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOScytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-adrenalineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-adrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CTH, HOGA1cytosol

• CHEBI:730073Reach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by GSR, SLC22A13, MPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:742324Reach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space

• (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (8S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 8-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-O-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenylglycerolReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 10 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 20-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2
  3. 10-HETE[n] + NAD+[n] = H+[n] + NADH[n] + 20-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate[n]

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• 7-oxolithocholateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ursodeoxycholate + NAD(+) = 7-oxolithocholate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 11R-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate: oxygen 11-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol

• an alkyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. an alcohol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = an alkyl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, CP, PRDX6, SULT2B1 and 2 more

• 14,15-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 32 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 8,9-epoxy-(5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 31 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 11beta-prostaglandin F2Reach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin D2 + NADPH + H(+) = 11beta-prostaglandin F2 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space