glutarate

Three steps

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GPX1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GPX1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GPX1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GPX1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLCO2A1, AARS1, AARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLCO2A1, ACSS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, GSTP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, SQORinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• androst-5-en-3beta,17beta-diolReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + NADPH + H(+) = androst-5-en-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, STS, AKR1B15 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, STS, CYP17A1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, STS, CYP17A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, CLIC1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, TSTD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of malonate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• orotateReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, CP and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes