CHEBI:17208

Three steps

• leukotriene F4Reach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene F4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTA1, GSTM1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTP1, GSTM1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTA1, GSTP1, GSTM1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTP1, GSTM1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTM4, LTC4Scytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, MMACHCcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-decanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-[4-(indol-3-yl)butanoyl]-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by DBH, PNMT, COMT, LRTOMTcytosol

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, MMACHCcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MGST3 and 16 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4, GSTZ1 and 20 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC25A35, SLC25A34cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by MPO, CA1, CA2cytosol, nucleus

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CNDP2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, CYB5D1cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular space