RPS3

Component of the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA. Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA. Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protein OGG1. Enhances the uracil excision activity of UNG1. Also stimulates the cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone by APEX1. When located in the mitochondrion, reduces cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial DNA damage. Has also been shown to negatively regulate DNA repair in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Plays a role in regulating transcription as part of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex where it binds to the RELA/p65 subunit, enhances binding of the complex to DNA and promotes transcription of target genes. Represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA. Binds to and protects TP53/p53 from MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. Involved in spindle formation and chromosome movement during mitosis by regulating microtubule polymerization. Involved in induction of apoptosis through its role in activation of CASP8. Induces neuronal apoptosis by interacting with the E2F1 transcription factor and acting synergistically with it to up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5. Interacts with TRADD following exposure to UV radiation and induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent JNK activation..

Function from UniProtKB (P23396), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.