Endpoint
All-cause mortality
CAT:outcome/all-cause-mortalityreported in risk ratio58 findings from 35 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks58 findings · 35 compounds · 29 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| methylene blue | down | 3 | Evidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding. |
| N-acetyl-L-cysteine | no effect 2 · down 1 | 3 | Evidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding. |
| L-glutamine | no effect 5 · down 2 | 7 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| melatonin | no effect 2 · down 2 | 4 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| thiamine | down | 3 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| (R)-carnitine | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| calciol | no effect | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| coenzyme Q10 | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| iron(2+) | no effect | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| selenium atom | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| sodium hydrogencarbonate | no effect | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| apixaban | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Ca(2+) | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| fluconazole | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| glycine | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| metformin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| morphine | up | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| nicotinamide | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| permethrin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| propranolol | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| spironolactone | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| tirzepatide | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| warfarin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| magnesium(2+) | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| furosemide | down | 1 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| glucosamine | down | 1 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| K(+) | down | 1 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| all-trans-retinol | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| azithromycin | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| empagliflozin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| iodide | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| linoleic acid | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| sodium(1+) | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| vitamin D2 | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
Reported to move it
29 findings
methylene blue — decreases
StrongEvidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding.Findingreplicated ×2“We found that MB may reduce short-term mortality in patients with septic shock (RR 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47–0.94]), based on low-certainty evidence, downgraded for imprecision and risk of bias among the included trials.”
Quoted verbatim from Methylene Blue in Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 260
- Population
- critically ill adults with septic shock; short-term mortality horizon, longest reported up to 60 d or in-hospital
Effect 0.66 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94
Methylene Blue in Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2024PMID:38904978Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“All-cause mortality was lower in the CoQ10 group, 10 (9%) patients vs. 24 (20%) patients in the placebo group, corresponding to a relative reduction of 53% (p = 0.040).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Dose
- CoQ10 (Ubiquinone) 300 mg/day added to standard heart failure therapy
- Population
- European sub-population (n=231) of the Q-SYMBIO trial, moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure, on standard HF therapy in both arms, long-term (2-year) follow-up
Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.2019PMID:30835327Permalink
metformin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Before weighting, the 30-day and five-year mortalities after surgery were lower in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (0.3% vs. 1.0%; P < 0.001 for 30-day mortality and 13.6% vs. 19.7%; P < 0.001 for five-year mortality).”
Quoted verbatim from Association of preoperative metformin use with postoperative mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- adults with type 2 diabetes undergoing noncardiac surgery, metformin users vs non-users; secondary endpoint, unadjusted (before IPTW weighting), five-year follow-up horizon
Association of preoperative metformin use with postoperative mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.2026PMID:41208045Permalink
morphine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Adjusted pooled results showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in the morphine group (RR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.91; I2=0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Morphine in acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- morphine 2-10 mg intravenous or intramuscular in the RCTs; dose and route not reported in six observational studies
- Population
- Patients with acute coronary syndrome (STEMI and NSTE-ACS); four RCTs and seven observational studies pooled, adjusted estimates; horizon in-hospital
Effect 1.45 risk ratio, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.91
Morphine in acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.2019PMID:30878985An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
spironolactone — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Treatment with spironolactone was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.24, 0.66), P=0.0003].”
Quoted verbatim from Safety evaluation and cardiovascular effect of additional use of spironolactone in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adult patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, low-dose spironolactone added to conventional treatment versus control, pooled from randomised and non-randomised trials
Effect 0.4 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.66
Safety evaluation and cardiovascular effect of additional use of spironolactone in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.2019PMID:31118582Permalink
permethrin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Bed nets were associated with a 17% reduction in all-cause mortality for children aged 6–59 months.”
Quoted verbatim from Spatial Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Bed Nets on Child Mortality: 26 Years on, a Spatial Reanalysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Population
- Children aged 6-59 months in 96 geographically contiguous clusters, Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana; spatial reanalysis of a 1993-1995 cluster randomised trial of permethrin-impregnated bed nets (48 clusters) against control clusters
Spatial Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Bed Nets on Child Mortality: 26 Years on, a Spatial Reanalysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.2019PMID:31595867Permalink
Show the remaining 23
(R)-carnitine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“The results of the chi-square test revealed that the 28-day mortality rate was lower in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (7 persons (23.33%) vs. 15 persons (50.00%), p-value: 0.032).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 7 days
- Dose
- L-carnitine 3 g/day (1 g three times daily) for 7 days
- Population
- Critically ill adult patients with sepsis in a general ICU, enterally fed, receiving standard treatment in both arms; 28-day follow-up by telephone
The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.2024PMID:38444016Permalink
warfarin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Both warfarin (IPTW aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.74; p < 0.001) and DOACs (aHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78; p < 0.001) were associated with lower all-cause mortality compared with no anticoagulation (Table 3, Fig. 2, and Supplementary Fig. 1).”
Quoted verbatim from Comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with end-stage kidney disease and atrial fibrillation.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- Korean patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; warfarin compared with no anticoagulation, inverse-probability-weighted retrospective cohort
Effect 0.53 hazard ratio, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.74
Comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with end-stage kidney disease and atrial fibrillation.2026PMID:41531219Permalink
thiamine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×2“Overall in-hospital mortality was not the same across the three treatment groups, with a lower mortality observed in patients in group B1 compared to the control group (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval [0.67;0.94], p = 0.008, Fig. 1 and Supplementary Fig. 2).”
Quoted verbatim from Differential effects of thiamine and ascorbic acid in clusters of septic patients identified by latent variable analysis.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- Adult ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock at two Swiss university hospitals, 2012-2022; B1 group (n = 1054) versus control group on standard treatment without B1 or ascorbic acid (n = 2183); oral and intravenous thiamine pooled; all clusters combined; all-cause in-hospital mortality
Effect 0.8 hazard ratio, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.94
Differential effects of thiamine and ascorbic acid in clusters of septic patients identified by latent variable analysis.2024PMID:39614357Permalink
thiamine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×2“In crude analysis, thiamine use was associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality.”
Quoted verbatim from Association of thiamine supplementation with 30-day mortality among ICU patients with sepsis-associated delirium.. - Study
- cohort
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Population
- Adult ICU patients with sepsis-associated delirium (Sepsis-3, MIMIC-IV, liver disease excluded); 332 received thiamine, 956 did not; crude unadjusted analysis, 30-day follow-up
Association of thiamine supplementation with 30-day mortality among ICU patients with sepsis-associated delirium.2026PMID:41872438Permalink
Ca(2+) — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“The meta-analysis results suggest that high levels of calcium intake were associated with decreased all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality, regardless of average calcium intake.”
Quoted verbatim from Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Pooled prospective cohort studies (EPIC-Norfolk plus published cohorts) of dietary and supplemental calcium intake, high versus low intake, stratified by a 700 mg/day average-intake threshold
Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33382441Permalink
furosemide — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“In the matched analysis, furosemide use was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality (44.3% vs 58.6%; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.73, p < 0.001).”
Quoted verbatim from Pre-CRRT furosemide and mortality in sepsis-associated AKI: A retrospective cohort study.. - Study
- cohort
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Population
- Adults with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (MIMIC-IV), propensity-matched; furosemide within 72 hours before CRRT versus none; 28-day horizon
Effect 0.58 hazard ratio, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73
Pre-CRRT furosemide and mortality in sepsis-associated AKI: A retrospective cohort study.2026PMID:42008485Permalink
K(+) — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“Higher potassium intake and a lower sodium-potassium ratio were associated with a reduced mortality, with women showing stronger associations (overall mortality, fifth versus lowest quintile, HRs for potassium = 0.96 and 0.82, and HRs for the sodium-potassium ratio = 1.09 and 1.23, for men and women, respectively; Pnonlinearity < 0.05 and both P for interaction ≤ 0.0006).”
Quoted verbatim from Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.. - Study
- cohort
- Dose
- dietary potassium intake, fifth quintile versus lowest quintile
- Population
- Men and women in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (237,036 men, 179,068 women); dietary potassium intake, fifth versus lowest quintile; hazard ratios reported separately for men (0.96) and women (0.82)
Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.2024PMID:38519925Permalink
thiamine — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Findingreplicated ×2“With 1,585 matched pairs post-PSM, thiamine administration showed a significant association with decreased mortality at 7 days (HR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.53-0.89, P = 0.004), 14 days (HR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64-0.96, P = 0.016), and 28 days (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.98, P = 0.028) compared with non-thiamine use after adjustment.”
Quoted verbatim from Thiamine use and short-term prognosis in critical cerebrovascular disease: a propensity score matched retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database.. - Study
- cohort
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Population
- Critically ill patients with cerebrovascular disease in the MIMIC-IV database, propensity-score-matched thiamine users and non-users (1,585 matched pairs); 28-day all-cause mortality shown
Effect 0.82 hazard ratio, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.98
Thiamine use and short-term prognosis in critical cerebrovascular disease: a propensity score matched retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database.2025PMID:41184785Permalink
glucosamine — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“Similarly, glucosamine use was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and cancer mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.93) in the fully adjusted model.”
Quoted verbatim from Association between fish oil and glucosamine use and mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: the role of the Life Essential 8 score and cancer prognosis.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- UK Biobank participants diagnosed with cancer, glucosamine users versus non-users
Effect 0.83 hazard ratio, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.92
Association between fish oil and glucosamine use and mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: the role of the Life Essential 8 score and cancer prognosis.2024PMID:39415179Permalink
selenium atom — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“An increase of selenium biomarker concentration by one SD was associated with 13 % lower all-cause mortality (RR [95 %-confidence interval], 0.87 [0.83-0.90]), 11 % lower cardiovascular mortality (0.89 [0.84-0.94]) and 15 % lower cancer mortality (0.85 [0.78-0.94]).”
Quoted verbatim from Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Pooled population-based cohort studies (17 on all-cause mortality); risk per one standard deviation increase in selenium biomarker concentration
Effect 0.87 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.9
Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.2025PMID:40690813Permalink
N-acetyl-L-cysteine — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“Compared with non-use of NAC, use of NAC significantly reduced the incidence of CA-AKI by 49% (risk ratio (RR) 0.51, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.82, p<0.01) and all-cause in-hospital mortality by 63% (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.79, p=0.01).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of N-acetylcysteine on prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, seven randomised trials pooled; in-hospital mortality horizon
Effect 0.37 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.79
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.2020PMID:33067289Permalink
melatonin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Melatonin reduced the risk of death at 1 yr (relative risk: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.73, I2=0%, heterogeneity P<or=0.56).”
Quoted verbatim from Melatonin in the treatment of cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- solid tumor cancer patients (10 RCTs, all conducted at the same hospital network, unblinded)
Effect 0.66 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.73
Melatonin in the treatment of cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis.2005PMID:16207291Permalink
magnesium(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Despite the limited number of patients randomised this overview suggests that intravenous magnesium therapy may reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: overview of randomised trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- intravenous magnesium
- Population
- Patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in coronary care units; short-term mortality, generally during hospital follow-up
Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: overview of randomised trials.1991PMID:1838289Permalink
L-glutamine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Glutamine supplemented nutrition can be associated with a reduction in mortality in hospital, complications due to gram-negative bacteremia in burn patients.”
Quoted verbatim from A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adult burn patients receiving glutamine supplementation, intention-to-treat analysis (meta-analysis of 4 RCTs, 155 patients); route not stated.
A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn.2013PMID:23313017Permalink
L-glutamine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Use of glutamine compared with an isonitrogenous control led to a reduction in length of hospital stay (mean stay -5.65 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) -8.09 to -3.22) and reduced mortality (pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.78).”
Quoted verbatim from Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with severe burn injury; glutamine (7 of 16 included RCTs) versus isonitrogenous control diet
Effect 0.25 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.78
Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns.2014PMID:25536183Permalink
methylene blue — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2“The meta-analysis showed statistically significant reduction in mortality rates among septic shock patients treated with MB (mortality rate 0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.66; P < .001).”
Quoted verbatim from Methylene Blue for Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized and Prospective Observational Studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adult ICU patients with septic shock; pooled across 15 studies (5 RCT, 10 non-randomized)
Methylene Blue for Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized and Prospective Observational Studies.2026PMID:39574288Permalink
empagliflozin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Empagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, p = 0.003) compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults with acute heart failure; pooled randomised placebo-controlled trials
Effect 0.47 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40324865Permalink
all-trans-retinol — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“At longest follow-up, there was a 12% observed reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality for VAS compared with control using a fixed-effect model (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 0.93; high-certainty evidence).”
Quoted verbatim from Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Children aged six months to five years living in the community; 19 pooled randomised trials of synthetic vitamin A supplementation versus control; hospital and diseased children excluded
Effect 0.88 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93
Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age.2022PMID:35294044Permalink
iodide — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Iodine supplementation likely reduces all-cause mortality in infants compared to placebo (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.73; 1 study, 617 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).”
Quoted verbatim from Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children and adolescents.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 617
- Population
- Infants younger than 1 year; single trial within a Cochrane review of iodine supplementation versus placebo in children and adolescents
Effect 0.32 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.73
Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children and adolescents.2026PMID:42720098Permalink
linoleic acid — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“In prospective cohort studies, higher LA intake, assessed by dietary surveys or biomarkers, was associated with a modestly lower risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer.”
Quoted verbatim from Dietary intake and biomarkers of linoleic acid and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- Adults in 44 prospective cohorts pooled (dietary intake and tissue or blood LA biomarkers); observational comparison of higher versus lower LA, not a dosed exposure
Dietary intake and biomarkers of linoleic acid and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.2020PMID:32020162Permalink
methylene blue — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2“Nine out of the 11 included randomized trials reported mortality, which was significantly lower in the MB group (risk ratio, 0.60 [95% CI 0.43-0.84] p = 0.003), with findings confirmed in septic shock and cardiac surgery subgroups.”
Quoted verbatim from Methylene Blue Reduces Mortality in Critically Ill and Perioperative Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- critically ill and perioperative adult patients; mortality at longest follow-up, pooled across randomized trials
Methylene Blue Reduces Mortality in Critically Ill and Perioperative Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.2024PMID:37880041Permalink
melatonin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“In trials combining MLT with chemotherapy, adjuvant MLT decreased 1-year mortality (RR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.54-0.67) and improved outcomes of complete response, partial response, and stable disease; pooled RRs were 2.53 (1.36-4.71), 1.70 (1.37-2.12), and 1.15 (1.00-1.33), respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- solid tumor cancer patients; subgroup of trials combining melatonin with chemotherapy
Effect 0.6 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.67
Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.2012PMID:22019490Permalink
all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding“The incidence of postinfarct mortality was significantly lower in the MI+EPA group than in the MI+PBS group (59.3% vs 41.2%, P=0.0361).”
Quoted verbatim from Long-Term Administration of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Remodeling in Mice by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.. - Study
- animal · not in humans
- Duration
- 8 weeks
- Dose
- EPA ethyl ester (more than 99% purity) 1 g/kg/day by oral gavage, once daily for 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after infarction; control received PBS by gavage
- Population
- Male 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice with myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery ligation, followed 28 days after infarction
Long-Term Administration of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Remodeling in Mice by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.2017PMID:28223437Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
29 findings
N-acetyl-L-cysteine — no detected effect on
StrongEvidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Results from 17 RCTs including 1,737 patients yielded a non-statistically significant difference between NAC and SoC on the reduction of mortality (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.25; events (NAC:20/870, SoC:33/867); I2 = 0%; p = 0.23).”
Quoted verbatim from N-acetylcysteine use among patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 1,737
- Population
- Adults undergoing on-pump or off-pump cardiac surgery, 17 randomised trials pooled, NAC added to standard of care versus standard of care with or without placebo; routes pooled (intravenous, cardioplegia, oral)
Effect 0.71 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.25
N-acetylcysteine use among patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.2019PMID:31071081Permalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×4“The pooled data indicated that enteral Gln did not decrease the overall mortality (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.06 − 2.37; p = 0.300), with significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 61%).”
Quoted verbatim from Enteral glutamine supplements for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 1,271
- Population
- Adults with severe burns (second- or third-degree burns over 20% or more TBSA, or 15% or more with inhalation injury) given enteral glutamine; primary endpoint; 3 pooled trials
Effect 0.37 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.06 to 2.37
Enteral glutamine supplements for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2024PMID:37460347Permalink
selenium atom — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The statistics of postoperative cardiac patients demonstrated an insignificant association of mortality with postoperative selenium intervention (RR 1.07; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.37; P = 0.57).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of selenium on patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults after cardiac surgery in a pooled analysis of 7 randomized trials of perioperative selenium versus control
Effect 1.07 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.37
Efficacy of selenium on patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2024PMID:38659018Permalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×4“The mortality rate was insignificantly different between glutamine group and placebo group (22.7% vs. 36.4% respectively, p-value = 0.509) as presented in Table 4 and.”
Quoted verbatim from Ameliorative Potential of L-Alanyl L-Glutamine Dipeptide in Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Modified FOLFOX-6 Regarding the Incidence of Diarrhea, the Treatment Response, and Patients' Survival: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 44
- Dose
- 20 gm/100 mL intravenous N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine Dipeptide (Dipeptiven) on the day 1-2 regimen every 2 weeks
- Population
- Stage II and III colon cancer patients, both arms receiving identical mFOLFOX-6 chemotherapy, randomised to intravenous L-alanyl L-glutamine dipeptide or placebo; mortality over the trial follow-up
Ameliorative Potential of L-Alanyl L-Glutamine Dipeptide in Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Modified FOLFOX-6 Regarding the Incidence of Diarrhea, the Treatment Response, and Patients' Survival: A Randomized Controlled Trial.2022PMID:35334570Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the 28-day mortality rate between the two groups (2 in the CoQ10 group vs. 3 in the placebo group) (P = 0.99).”
Quoted verbatim from Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 52
- Duration
- 10 days
- Dose
- 100 mg three times a day after meals, total 300 mg/day
- Population
- Adults aged 18-65 with 20-60% total body surface area burns admitted to a burn ICU in Isfahan, Iran, all receiving routine burn care and the unit's standard vitamin, selenium, zinc and B-complex supplementation in both arms; secondary outcome.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.2024PMID:38431600Permalink
melatonin — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“We found no significant difference in mortality between patients receiving melatonin and those receiving placebo (RR, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.77–1.06; I2 = 0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Prophylactic melatonin for delirium in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 2,350
- Population
- Adult ICU patients; secondary endpoint, 10 trials, longest reported follow-up
Effect 0.9 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.06
Prophylactic melatonin for delirium in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.2022PMID:36316858Permalink
Show the remaining 23
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×4“Mortality showed no significant difference between glutamine group and control group.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- critically ill patients
The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2014PMID:24401636Permalink
propranolol — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“There were no significant differences between propranolol and placebo/usual care with respect to mortality (RD −0.02 [95% CI −0.06 to 0.02]), and also, no differences were found in the sub-group analysis when assessing this outcome in children (RD −0.02 [95% CI −0.06 to 0.02]) and adults (RD −0.05 [95% CI −0.17 to 0.07]).”
Quoted verbatim from Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in severely burned patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Severely burned adults and children (TBSA >20%) in randomised trials of propranolol versus placebo or usual care; four trials reported mortality
Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in severely burned patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.2017PMID:28265298Permalink
calciol — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“There was no statistically significant difference in all cause mortality between the vitamin D supplementation group and the control group (risk ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.02, I2=0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults (age >=18) with any health condition, pooled across 50 RCTs comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo or no treatment
Effect 0.98 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.02
Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.2019PMID:31405892Permalink
apixaban — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“When the cardiovascular outcomes were assessed, no significant change was observed in all-cause mortality (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.89–1.40; P =.33), MACEs (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82–1.14; P =.67), stroke (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.44–1.20; P =.22), stent thrombosis (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.47–1.12; P =.15), and MI (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.75–1.13; P =.44) when apixaban was added to DAPT as shown in Figure 4.”
Quoted verbatim from Increased bleeding events with the addition of apixaban to the dual anti-platelet regimen for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Patients with acute coronary syndrome, pooled across 4 RCTs; apixaban plus aspirin and clopidogrel (DAPT) versus DAPT alone
Effect 1.12 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.4
Increased bleeding events with the addition of apixaban to the dual anti-platelet regimen for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis.2021PMID:33761699Permalink
tirzepatide — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Similarly, the RR for mortality showed no significant difference between tirzepatide and placebo (RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.28–1.51, p = 0.32).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 5, 10 or 15 mg or maximum tolerated dose, once weekly
- Population
- Adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, six placebo-controlled randomised trials of 18 to 88 weeks
Effect 0.65 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.51
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2025PMID:40510020Permalink
(R)-carnitine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The results of PP analysis showed that all-cause mortality in the L-C group was not lower than control (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.21 to 1.06, P = 0.07, Figure 2(a)).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and Safety of L-Carnitine Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 1.5 to 6 g/day across included RCTs
- Population
- Adults with chronic heart failure in four RCTs reporting mortality; per-protocol analysis; L-carnitine versus placebo, routine or conventional treatment
Effect 0.48 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.06
Efficacy and Safety of L-Carnitine Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2017PMID:28497060Permalink
fluconazole — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The use of prophylactic fluconazole was associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients with candidaemia (RR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.72, P = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and fungal infections other than lower urinary tract infection (RR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.24–0.65, P = 0.0003; I2 = 0%), but was associated with no significant difference in hospital mortality (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.62–1.08, P = 0.15; I2 = 7%).”
Quoted verbatim from The use of prophylactic fluconazole in immunocompetent high-risk surgical patients: a meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 100 to 800 mg/day
- Population
- Immunocompetent high-risk surgical adult patients in seven randomised trials of prophylactic fluconazole versus placebo; pooled routes (five intravenous, one enteral, one either)
Effect 0.82 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.08
The use of prophylactic fluconazole in immunocompetent high-risk surgical patients: a meta-analysis.2005PMID:16280069Industry fundedPermalink
nicotinamide — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“All-cause mortality was comparable between the treatment groups [NAMR: 5.9% (n = 32) versus placebo: 6.0% (n = 11), P = 1.00].”
Quoted verbatim from Modified-release nicotinamide for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients: 52-week efficacy and safety results of the phase 3 randomized controlled NOPHOS trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- modified-release nicotinamide 250-1500 mg/day (one to six 250 mg capsules once daily before bed)
- Population
- Safety population of adults on maintenance haemodialysis with hyperphosphataemia, modified-release nicotinamide versus placebo, both arms on their individual phosphate binders
Modified-release nicotinamide for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients: 52-week efficacy and safety results of the phase 3 randomized controlled NOPHOS trial.2023PMID:35751625Industry fundedPermalink
sodium hydrogencarbonate — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Compared with placebo, SBIC did not alter the clinical outcomes of HLOS (WMD = 0.23 days; 95% CI = −0.88 to 1.33 days; P = 0.688; Figure 4), hospital mortality (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.46 to 4.13; P = 0.572; Figure 5), RRT (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.82; P = 0.861; Additional file 2), or POAF (RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.61; P = 0.915; Additional file 3).”
Quoted verbatim from Sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- intravenous bolus plus continuous infusion, regimens varied across trials
- Population
- Adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, most with pre-existing renal impairment or at risk of acute kidney injury; secondary endpoint pooled from four randomized trials; horizon is hospital mortality
Effect 1.37 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.46 to 4.13
Sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2014PMID:25212718Permalink
sodium hydrogencarbonate — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Sodium bicarbonate therapy did not significantly reduce 90-day mortality compared to control (58.3% vs. 60.6%; risk ratio [RR], 0.96; 95%CI, 0.86-1.07; p = 0.51).”
Quoted verbatim from Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- intravenous sodium bicarbonate titrated to a pH >= 7.30
- Population
- Adults with severe metabolic acidemia (pH <= 7.20) in the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials, individual patient data pooled; control arm received no sodium bicarbonate
Effect 0.96 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.07
Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.2026PMID:42472834Permalink
iron(2+) — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Compared to placebo/usual care, IV iron did not significantly affect all-cause mortality (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.60-3.09) or MACEs (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.43-1.55), with a moderate level of evidence.”
Quoted verbatim from Influence of intravenous iron therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events of patients on hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults on maintenance hemodialysis; pooled randomised trials of intravenous iron against placebo or usual care
Effect 1.36 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.09
Influence of intravenous iron therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events of patients on hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.2025PMID:40753604Permalink
N-acetyl-L-cysteine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Meta-analytic estimates for in-hospital mortality showed that there was no statistically significant difference between patients treated with NAC and without, as shown in Supplemental Fig. 6 (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.43–1.68).”
Quoted verbatim from N-Acetylcysteine's Renoprotective Effect in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults undergoing cardiac surgery, eight randomised trials pooled, NAC versus placebo; in-hospital mortality horizon
Effect 0.85 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.68
N-Acetylcysteine's Renoprotective Effect in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2022PMID:34732600Permalink
glycine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“There were no differences in mortality (glycine group, 63.6% vs control group, 52.2%, p = 0.60) nor in any other major outcome.”
Quoted verbatim from Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Dose
- 0.5 g/kg/day glycine by the enteral route
- Population
- Inpatients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation; usual care in both arms, glycine added in the experimental arm; open label
Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial.2024PMID:38773199Permalink
magnesium(2+) — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result“Overall mortality was not significantly affected by magnesium in addition to beta-blocker (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.08-4.56, P = 0.62).”
Quoted verbatim from Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- IV bolus or continuous infusion, total dose beyond 35 mmol, given prophylactically before onset of arrhythmia; pooled across 5 trials with varying regimens
- Population
- Adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in sinus rhythm preoperatively, given magnesium in addition to beta-blocker versus beta-blocker alone (beta-blocker constant background in both arms); postoperative mortality, 3 trials, 454 patients
Effect 0.59 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.08 to 4.56
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting.2013PMID:23343189Permalink
sodium(1+) — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“No linear association (effect size; 95 % CI; I 2) was seen between 100mg/d increment in Na intake and CVD mortality (1·01; 0·97, 1·05; 98·4 %) or all-cause mortality (1·01; 1·00, 1·02; 89·2 %).”
Quoted verbatim from Dose-response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 100 mg/day increment in Na intake (observational gradient)
- Population
- Adults in prospective cohort studies; dose-response of dietary sodium (Na) intake per 100 mg/day increment
Dose-response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.2019PMID:30345950Permalink
iron(2+) — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Iron may result in little or no difference in mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.74; 20 trials, 8809 children; low-certainty evidence) and hospitalisations or clinic visits (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.04; 10 trials, 14,011 children; low-certainty evidence).”
Quoted verbatim from Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 8,809
- Population
- Children under 18 years living in malaria-endemic areas (hyperendemic or holoendemic transmission); oral iron alone versus placebo or no treatment
Effect 1.15 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.74
Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas.2026PMID:41510785Permalink
azithromycin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“The use of AZM was not associated with mortality in Covid-19 patients (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.88-1.05, p = 0.317 based on the random-effect meta-analysis).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of azithromycin in Covid-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Patients with Covid-19; seven randomized trials, 8822 patients in total, azithromycin versus standard of care
Effect 0.96 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.05
Efficacy and safety of azithromycin in Covid-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.2022PMID:34077600Permalink
calciol — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“The difference between the vitamin D3 group and the placebo group was not significant for in-hospital mortality (7.6% vs 5.1%; difference, 2.5% [95% CI, -4.1% to 9.2%]; P = .43), admission to the intensive care unit (16.0% vs 21.2%; difference, -5.2% [95% CI, -15.1% to 4.7%]; P = .30), or need for mechanical ventilation (7.6% vs 14.4%; difference, -6.8% [95% CI, -15.1% to 1.2%]; P = .09).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Dose
- single oral dose of 200,000 IU vitamin D3 versus placebo
- Population
- Hospitalised adults with moderate to severe COVID-19 at two sites in Sao Paulo, Brazil; mortality during hospitalisation
Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.2021PMID:33595634Permalink
vitamin D2 — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Vitamin D2, alfacalcidol and calcitriol did not significantly affect mortality.”
Quoted verbatim from Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults, healthy or in a stable phase of disease, in pooled randomised trials of vitamin D2 versus placebo or no intervention
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.2014PMID:24414552Permalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×4“We observed no significant effect of glutamine supplementation on overall mortality (RR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.33-1.28; p = 0.21), infectious complications (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.63-1.09; p = 0.18), or other secondary outcomes.”
Quoted verbatim from The Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Severe Adult Burn Patients: A Systematic Review With Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Severe adult burn patients receiving glutamine supplementation, enteral or IV route pooled (meta-analysis of 10 RCTs).
The Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Severe Adult Burn Patients: A Systematic Review With Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis.2023PMID:37114912Permalink
melatonin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“No association was found between mortality and melatonin in the primary (seven RCTs, 2165 patients, RR 0.87, [95% CI 0.73-1.02]) and secondary (8 RCTs, 2396 patients, RR 0.92, [95% CI 0.79-1.06]) analyses.”
Quoted verbatim from Melatonin and delirium in the intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 2,165
- Population
- critically ill patients in intensive care units
Melatonin and delirium in the intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:41051561Permalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×4“Hospital mortality was not significantly different between the glutamine group and the control group.”
Quoted verbatim from Glutamine on critical-ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adult critically ill patients receiving glutamine supplementation (meta-analysis of 47 RCTs); route not stated.
Glutamine on critical-ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33222464Permalink
all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“However, combined therapy of EPA + statin demonstrated no significant association on incidence of stroke when compared with statin alone or all-cause mortality.”
Quoted verbatim from Meta-analysis Comparing Combined Use of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Statin to Statin Alone.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of 5 RCTs (n=27,415) of EPA + statin vs statin alone; statin given as background therapy in both arms.
Meta-analysis Comparing Combined Use of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Statin to Statin Alone.2020PMID:31740020Permalink
How it is measured
Death from any cause, ascertained over the follow-up horizon each source states. The horizon is recorded with each finding and is not optional: 'short-term', ICU-period, hospital-period and longest-follow-up mortality are different denominators of person-time and are not comparable with one another. Reported throughout the literature as overall mortality or total mortality.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- all-cause mortality
- Measurements
- 220 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
All-cause mortality
decreases, RR 0.89, 11% risk reduction (top vs bottom third)
The results indicate an overall risk reduction of all-cause mortality (11%), cardiovascular mortality (12%), cardiovascular events (9%), and stroke (17%) when comparing the top versus bottom third of MUFA, olive oil, oleic acid, and MUFA:SFA ratio.
PMID:25274026 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
n = 191
Studies were underpowered to detect a significant difference in mortality or neurological outcomes.
PMID:26825644 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.67, 1.54), n = 912
Simvastatin did not decrease all-cause mortality (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.67–1.54).
PMID:28661267 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR 1.59 (95% CI 0.92 to 2.75), p = 0.1, n = 531
No significant differences in terms of all-cause mortality were observed between continuous administration and intermittent administration (RR = 1.59, 95% CI (0.92~2.75), P = 0.10).
PMID:36035285 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.85, p = 0.008
Pooled data demonstrated that administration of MB along with vasopressors significantly reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.85, P = 0.008; I 2 = 7%].
PMID:36237547 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.15), p = 0.7
There was no significant difference in the all-cause mortality between the 2 arms (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.15, p = 0.70).
PMID:37677884 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, no significant difference
Not recorded as a finding: Only sentence is agentless, names no compound and states no follow-up horizon, which the all-cause-mortality node requires
No significant difference in all-cause mortality was noted.
PMID:38980732 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR = 1.05, 95% CI: [0.79, 1.40], p = 0.7, n = 894
Transplant recipients who were prophylactically administered ciprofloxacin had a similar risk of mortality when compared to those who were administered levofloxacin (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: [0.79, 1.40], P =.7).
PMID:40355203 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.99, p = 0.04
Rivaroxaban also significantly reduced all-cause mortality compared to LMWH (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.99; P = 0.04).
PMID:42273726 · both readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
non-significant trend towards reduced mortality across nine trials
In nine randomised trials of CoQ10 in heart failure published up to 2003 there were non-significant trends towards increased ejection fraction and reduced mortality.
PMID:14695924 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases
all-cause mortality (17 studies; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.92)
PMID:18425894 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Nor could any statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality be demonstrated (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.17 to 3.36)
PMID:20393967 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.01, n = 429
2 | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58) | <0.01 | 1.35 (1.12 to 1.63) | <0.01 | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.54) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.051
an increased risk of all cause mortality (17.6% v 11.8%; hazard ratio 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.64); P=0.051)
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.03, n = 429
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.97) | 0.03 | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.03) | 0.08
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.05, n = 207
PUFA (LA specific; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.31 (1.00 to 1.71) | 0.05 | 1.37 (1.04 to 1.79) | 0.03 | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.59) | 0.22
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.04, n = 207
2 | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.36) | 0.04 | 1.62 (1.05 to 2.48) | 0.03 | 1.47 (0.94 to 2.29) | 0.09
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.05, n = 207
LA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 1.51 (1.00 to 2.30) | 0.05 | 1.59 (1.04 to 2.43) | 0.03 | 1.44 (0.93 to 2.23) | 0.11
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.18, n = 207
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.13) | 0.18 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.13) | 0.18 | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.11) | 0.15
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.25, n = 222
2 | 0.76 (0.48 to 1.21) | 0.25 | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.39) | 0.54 | 0.95 (0.57 to 1.58) | 0.84
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.29, n = 207
2 | 0.81 (0.56 to 1.19) | 0.29 | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.21) | 0.31 | 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16) | 0.22
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.01, n = 429
2 | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.91) | <0.01 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.95) | 0.02 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.97) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.71, n = 222
PUFA (unspecified; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.66) | 0.71 | 1.07 (0.69 to 1.67) | 0.75 | 1.00 (0.62 to 1.61) | 0.99
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.02, n = 429
PUFA (unspecified; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52) | 0.02 | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.57) | <0.01 | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.47) | 0.09
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.65, n = 222
2 | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.65) | 0.65 | 1.09 (0.72 to 1.66) | 0.68 | 1.02(0.65 to 1.60) | 0.93
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.66, n = 222
PUFA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.80) | 0.66 | 0.78 (0.36 to 1.70) | 0.53 | 0.56 (0.27 to 1.18) | 0.13
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.04, n = 429
PUFA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 1.35 (1.01 to 1.80) | 0.04 | 1.39 (1.03 to 1.87) | 0.03 | 1.27 (0.93 to 1.73) | 0.14
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.88, n = 222
2 | 1.05 (0.56 to 1.97) | 0.88 | 1.00 (0.52 to 1.93) | 0.99 | 0.77 (0.39 to 1.52) | 0.46
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.01, n = 429
2 | 1.53 (1.14 to 2.05) | <0.01 | 1.58 (1.17 to 2.13) | <0.01 | 1.44 (1.04 to 1.98) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.28, n = 222
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.24) | 0.28 | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.47) | 0.65 | 0.98 (0.58 to 1.65) | 0.93
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.05, n = 207
2 | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.67) | 0.05 | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.75) | 0.03 | 1.21 (0.91 to 1.61) | 0.19
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.002, n = 75927
only vitamin D3 decreased mortality (4,153/37,817 (11.0%) vs 4,340/38,110 (11.4%); RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.98); P = 0.002; I(2) = 0%; 75,927 participants; 38 trials
PMID:24414552 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.02
Vitamin D decreased mortality in all 56 trials analysed together (5,920/47,472 (12.5%) vs 6,077/47,814 (12.7%); RR 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 0.99); P = 0.02
PMID:24414552 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, n = 274683
ACM: HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.30
PMID:24651634 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, n = 274683
ACM: HR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82-0.99
PMID:24651634 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
but not increased in high sodium vs. usual sodium intake (HR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.91-1.18)
PMID:24651634 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
the HR for ACM was consistently decreased in usual sodium vs. low sodium intake (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.81-0.92)
PMID:24651634 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.009
Vitamin D decreased all-cause mortality (1854/24,846 (7.5%) versus 2007/25,020 (8.0%); RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.98); P = 0.009
PMID:24953955 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
higher 4 g and 6 g doses (RR = 0.78, 0.78)
PMID:25044037 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
higher 4 g and 6 g doses (RR = 0.78, 0.78)
PMID:25044037 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.08, n = 3108
The interaction test yielded no significant differences between the effects of the four daily maintenance dosages of L-carnitine (i.e., 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 6 g) on all-cause mortality (RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.57-1.03], P = 0.08)
PMID:25044037 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
the lower 2 g dose (RR = 0.62)
PMID:25044037 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
favoring the 3 g dose (RR = 0.48)
PMID:25044037 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
There was no excess mortality risk associated with the highest versus the lowest level of intake for any of the nutrients investigated (P-value > 0.05) (Table 11, available at http://aaojournal.org).
PMID:25972257 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban vs. edoxaban | 1.09 | 1.14 | 0.65 | 1.26 | 0.92
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban vs. VKA | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.55 | 1.02 | 0.96
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Dabigatran vs. edoxaban | 1.32 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 0.95
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban vs. VKA | 0.83 | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.79
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban vs. rivaroxaban | 0.93 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.82
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban vs. edoxaban | 1.01 | 0.54 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.75
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban vs. dabigatran | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.79
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Dabigatran vs. VKA | 1.09 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 1.00
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran | 0.82 | 1.48 | 0.73 | 1.70 | 0.96
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Edoxaban vs. VKA | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 1.05
PMID:26716830 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Dabigatran 150 mg BD vs. Warfarin INR 2.0–3.0 | 1.33 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.89
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban 2.5 mg BD vs. Aspirin 100 mg OD | 0.28 | 0.82 | 0.34 | 0.71 | 0.55
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban 2.5 mg BD vs. Dabigatran 150 mg BD | 1.77 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.47 | 2.17
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban 2.5 mg BD vs. Rivaroxaban 20 mg OD | 1.01 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 1.16
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Apixaban 2.5 mg BD vs. Warfarin INR 2.0–3.0 | 2.37 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 1.93
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Aspirin 100 mg OD vs. Warfarin INR 2.0–3.0 | 8.60 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 3.55
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Dabigatran 150 mg BD vs. Aspirin 100 mg OD | 0.16 | 1.93 | 1.43 | 1.50 | 0.25
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban 20 mg OD vs. Aspirin 100 mg OD | 0.27 | 3.46 | 12.81 | 2.53 | 0.47
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban 20 mg OD vs. Dabigatran 150 mg BD | 1.76 | 1.80 | 9.00 | 1.68 | 1.85
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Rivaroxaban 20 mg OD vs. Warfarin INR 2.0–3.0 | 2.34 | 0.99 | 4.89 | 0.93 | 1.67
PMID:27487187 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
unclear
with an HR of 0.75, 0.95, and 1.00 (references) and 1.07 (p trend = 0.30) for <2,300, 2,300 to <3,600, 3,600 to <4,800, and ≥4,800 mg/24 h, respectively
PMID:27712772 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.19
251 deaths occurred, representing a nonsignificant 15% lower risk in the active intervention (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66 to 1.09; p = 0.19)
PMID:27712772 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
unclear
with an HR of 0.75, 0.95, and 1.00 (references) and 1.07 (p trend = 0.30) for <2,300, 2,300 to <3,600, 3,600 to <4,800, and ≥4,800 mg/24 h, respectively
PMID:27712772 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
unclear
with an HR of 0.75, 0.95, and 1.00 (references) and 1.07 (p trend = 0.30) for <2,300, 2,300 to <3,600, 3,600 to <4,800, and ≥4,800 mg/24 h, respectively
PMID:27712772 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
unclear
with an HR of 0.75, 0.95, and 1.00 (references) and 1.07 (p trend = 0.30) for <2,300, 2,300 to <3,600, 3,600 to <4,800, and ≥4,800 mg/24 h, respectively
PMID:27712772 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.27
Propranolol userb | 818 | 4746 | 16,202 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) | 0.68 | 82% (<0.01) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.21 | 81% (<0.01) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.27 | 65% (0.006)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.68
Propranolol userb | 818 | 4746 | 16,202 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) | 0.68 | 82% (<0.01) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.21 | 81% (<0.01) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.27 | 65% (0.006)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.68
Propranolol | 31,556 | 139,760 | 664,448 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 0.60 | 44% (0.09) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.10) | 0.68 | 0% (0.54)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.62
Propranolol | 25,487 | 133,251 | 571,213 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 0.82 | 48% (0.06) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 0.62 | 48% (0.06)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.02
Propranolol in stages 1–3c | 17,219 | 96,097 | 382,1512 | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) | 0.32 | 29% (0.21) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.24) | 0.02 | 0% (0.46)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.16
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 548 | 3099 | 10,977 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.32) | 0.92 | 85% (<0.01) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.53) | 0.16 | 83% (<0.01) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.39) | 0.16 | 62% (0.01)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.001
Any beta-blocker | 25,472 | 133,251 | 570,968 | 1.57 (1.41, 1.75) | <0.001 | 92% (<0.001) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) | <0.001 | 65% (0.006)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.02
Non-selective bb userb | 1732 | 7931 | 27,624 | 1.34 (1.14, 1.58) | 0.001 | 87% (<0.01) | 1.22 (1.09, 1.36) | 0.001 | 70% (<0.01) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.02 | 71% (<0.01)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.001
Non-selective beta-blocker | 31,556 | 139,760 | 664,448 | 1.30 (1.14, 1.49) | <0.001 | 80% (<0.001) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) | <0.001 | 27% (0.21)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.06
Non-selective beta-blocker | 25,487 | 133,251 | 571,213 | 1.35 (1.17, 1.55) | <0.001 | 78% (<0.001) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.30) | 0.06 | 68% (0.003)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
once this was removed the pooled estimate was attenuated slightly (fully adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% CI, 0.88, 1.20)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, p = 0.01
<1 year of prescriptionsc | 1012 | 4512 | 17,074 | 1.23 (0.98, 1.55) | 0.08 | 89% (<0.01) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 0.02 | 75% (<0.01) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | 0.01 | 54% (0.03)
PMID:27906047 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.08
ITT analysis also showed no differences in all-cause mortality between heart failure patients in both groups (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.08, P = 0.08, Figure 2(b))
PMID:28497060 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.07
The results of PP analysis showed that all-cause mortality in the L-C group was not lower than control (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.21 to 1.06, P = 0.07, Figure 2(a))
PMID:28497060 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.95, p = 0.02, n = 1827
The mortality was decreased by coenzyme Q10 compared with placebo (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.50–0.95; P = 0.02; I 2 = 0%) as shown in Fig..
PMID:28738783 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, RR ~0.83-0.96 across intake categories (3-7 cups/day vs none)
The apparently beneficial association between coffee and all cause mortality was consistent across all earlier meta-analyses.
PMID:29167102 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
all-cause mortality (RR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.82, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty)
PMID:29991526 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.32
Pooling results of the studies did not show any significant reduction in all-cause mortality rates (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76–1.10; P =.32) and hospitalization rates (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.80–1.25; P = 1.00) without obvious heterogeneity
PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.04
All-cause mortality was lower in the CoQ10 group, 10 (9%) patients vs. 24 (20%) patients in the placebo group, corresponding to a relative reduction of 53% (p = 0.040).
PMID:30835327 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
The lowest relative risk (RR) was at intakes of 3.5 cups/day for all-cause mortality (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.89)
PMID:31055709 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.0003
Treatment with spironolactone was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.24, 0.66), P=0.0003]
PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
no significant difference in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.86-1.10, Pheterogeneity = .315, I = 15.4%)
PMID:31517834 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
Treatment with lipid-modifying drugs led to a 36% reduction in cardiovascular disease and 26% reduction in all-cause mortality
PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.004, n = 3146
and all-cause mortality (9.8% to 7.2%; HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.90]; P=0.004)
PMID:31707829 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
However, combined therapy of EPA + statin demonstrated no significant association on incidence of stroke when compared with statin alone or all-cause mortality
PMID:31740020 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
dietary patterns rich in resveratrol were demonstrated to significantly reduce all-cause mortality
PMID:32183376 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases
Probiotics reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66, 0.96)
PMID:32192165 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
1 month (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90, 1.08)
PMID:32192165 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
12 months (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94, 1.14)
PMID:32192165 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
6 months (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.89-1.08)
PMID:32192165 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.73, n = 4000
there was no overall effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1·04, 95% CI 0·85-1·25; p=0·73)
PMID:32621874 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
all-cause mortality (HR 0.91 (0.83-0.99) and 0.85 (0.77-0.93), respectively)
PMID:33382441 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
all-cause mortality (HR 0.91 (0.83-0.99) and 0.85 (0.77-0.93), respectively)
PMID:33382441 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, n = 345
may decrease all-cause mortality (between start of intervention and end of follow-up period) (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.97; 3 studies, 345 infants; low-certainty evidence)
PMID:33710626 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.33
All-cause mortality | 1.12 [0.89–1.40] |.33
PMID:33761699 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.15
active treatment: five out of 53 vs. placebo: 10 out of 52; χ2: 2.06; p = 0.15
PMID:33920725 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases
a HR of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.45-0.71) for all-cause mortality
PMID:34545470 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.14
Model 1 | 0.79 [0.59–1.07] | 0.14 | 0.92 [0.66–1.28] | 0.62 | 0.68 [0.42–1.10] | 0.11
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.009
Model 1 | 0.77 [0.64–0.94] | 0.009 | 0.82 [0.62–1.10] | 0.19 | 0.74 [0.57–0.95] | 0.02
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.004
Model 2 | 0.74 [0.61–0.91] | 0.004 | 0.75 [0.56–1.01] | 0.06 | 0.73 [0.56–0.96] | 0.03
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.02
Model 3 | 0.78 [0.64–0.96] | 0.02 | 0.76 [0.56–1.04] | 0.09 | 0.80 [0.61–1.06] | 0.11
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.004
Model 4 | 0.72 [0.57–0.90] | 0.004 | 0.69 [0.49–0.97] | 0.03 | 0.75 [0.56–1.01] | 0.05
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.02
Model 5 | 0.79 [0.64–0.97] | 0.02 | 0.74 [0.54–1.02] | 0.07 | 0.81 [0.61–1.08] | 0.15
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
Model 1 | 0.61 [0.48–0.76] | < 0.001 | 0.54 [0.38–0.78] | < 0.001 | 0.66 [0.50–0.87] | 0.003
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
Model 2 | 0.62 [0.49–0.78] | < 0.001 | 0.53 [0.36–0.77] | < 0.001 | 0.70 [0.52–0.93] | 0.02
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.03
Model 3 | 0.75 [0.59–0.96] | 0.03 | 0.59 [0.39–0.90] | 0.01 | 0.89 [0.65–1.21] | 0.44
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.03
Model 4 | 0.74 [0.57–0.97] | 0.03 | 0.57 [0.37–0.89] | 0.01 | 0.89 [0.65–1.22] | 0.47
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.05
Model 5 | 0.78 [0.60–0.99] | 0.05 | 0.60 [0.39–0.91] | 0.02 | 0.94 [0.69–1.28] | 0.69
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.2
Model 2 | 0.83 [0.62–1.10] | 0.20 | 0.90 [0.63–1.27] | 0.54 | 0.76 [0.48–1.19] | 0.23
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.28
Model 3 | 0.87 [0.67–1.12] | 0.28 | 0.91 [0.65–1.27] | 0.57 | 0.83 [0.56–1.23] | 0.35
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.37
Model 4 | 0.87 [0.64–1.18] | 0.37 | 0.88 [0.56–1.40] | 0.59 | 0.87 [0.58–1.29] | 0.48
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.4
Model 5 | 0.90 [0.70–1.15] | 0.40 | 0.94 [0.68–1.31] | 0.72 | 0.86 [0.59–1.25] | 0.43
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
increases, HR 1.530; 95% CI 1.280-1.829
Our results show that hypomagnesemia is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death after multivariate adjustment (HR 1.530; 95% CI 1.280-1.829, P =.000, Fig. 2).
PMID:34766558 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, n = 1371
Meta-analysis suggested a possible benefit of coenzyme Q10 on all-cause mortality (seven trials, 1371 participants; relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.03)
PMID:35076012 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, 0.91 (0.85-0.97), n = 2
For the all-cause mortality, pooled incident rate-ratio was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85 – 0.97, p-value<0.01, n = 2) (Table 2,.
PMID:35225450 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 1
All-cause mortality was comparable between the treatment groups [NAMR: 5.9% (n = 32) versus placebo: 6.0% (n = 11), P = 1.00]
PMID:35751625 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.69, p = 0.001, n = 688
The pooled results showed that Gln supplementation significantly reduced patient' mortality (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21–0.69, P = 0.001; Figure 4).
PMID:35774540 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
When excluded, the result of the meta-analysis indicated a significantly lower risk of RIV vs. SoC (HR = 0.50 (0.34, 0.73))
PMID:35801133 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
A meta-analysis of all studies revealed that RIV was associated with a significantly lower risk of death compared with SoC (HR = 0.56 (0.39, 0.80))
PMID:35801133 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Meta-analysis of studies assessing API did not demonstrate significant differences versus SoC in either of the feasible scenarios but point estimates in favor of API
PMID:35801133 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
the hazard ratio following the addition of 5 data points using the trim and fill method did not indicate significant differences between RIV and SoC, although the point estimate was in favor of RIV (HR = 0.89 (0.62, 1.28))
PMID:35801133 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
The alternative trim and fill method added 5 data points which changed the result, although the point estimate remained in favour of RIV (HR = 0.89 (0.62, 1.28))
PMID:35801133 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.06, n = 2350
We found no significant difference in mortality between patients receiving melatonin and those receiving placebo (RR, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.77–1.06; I2 = 0%).
PMID:36316858 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.96, n = 235
For magnesium supplementation, we included three trials (n = 235); the relative risk (RR) for mortality was 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.96 compared to no supplementation (very low certainty of evidence).
PMID:36562170 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
ACM | Japan | 43 (6.16) | 61 (8.88) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −6.189 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
South Korea | 41 (2.95) | 65 (4.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Taiwan | 317 (18.16) | 595 (33.96)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 92 (8.40) | 111 (10.41) | 0.85 (0.64–1.12)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 253 (11.77) | 386 (17.09) | 0.72 (0.51 1.01)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
ACM | Japan | 20 (7.31) | 30 (12.05) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.81) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −3.697 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 73 (15.55) | 98 (21.39) | 0.82 (0.60–1.11)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases
ACM | 41 (4.09) | 74 (7.69) | 0.60 (0.40–0.89)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
South Korea | 18 (3.55) | 33 (6.80)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Taiwan | 76 (10.97) | 110 (16.26)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
ACM | Japan | 43 (6.16) | 61 (8.88) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −6.189 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
ACM | Japan | 20 (7.31) | 30 (12.05) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.81) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −3.697 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Pooled | 401 (10.47) | 721 (19.20)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Pooled | 114 (7.74) | 173 (12.26)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
no association was observed in multivariable models (glucosamine: HR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-1.21, chondroitin: HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.87-1.25)
PMID:36971848 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
no association was observed in multivariable models (glucosamine: HR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-1.21, chondroitin: HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.87-1.25)
PMID:36971848 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47-1.11, p = 0.14, n = 547
Our meta-analysis found that the administration of melatonin did not significantly reduce the mortality rate, with high heterogeneity across studies identified (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47–1.11, p = 0.14; I2 82%, p for heterogeneity < 0.01).
PMID:37181363 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
Licata et al. reported a significantly lower mortality rate (45.3% vs. 87%, p <.001) and heart failure readmissions (47.2% vs. 79.6%, p <.05) in patients receiving HSS plus furosemide.
PMID:37340592 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.029
a high dose of atorvastatin showed a clear effect on reducing the outcome (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10–0.81; I2 = 0%; p = 0.029) with an NNT of 14 patients
PMID:38165842 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
unclear, p = 0.0504
although the sensitivity analysis was not statistically significant (RR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11–1.00; I2 = 0%; p = 0.0504)
PMID:38165842 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
all-cause mortality (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96; p < 0.01; I2 = 21%)
PMID:38400569 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
all-cause mortality (RR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.97)
PMID:38732592 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
being lowest for the Q3 median (37.9 nmol/L, HR=0.83, CI=0.77–0.89)
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
Only men with very low baseline estradiol concentrations (<5.1 pmol/L, where fully-adjusted HR and CI were >1.0) had higher risk of all-cause death, relative to the Q5 median
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
Only men with baseline LH >10.0 IU/L (where fully-adjusted HR and CI were >1.0) had an elevated relative risk of all-cause death
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
only men with low baseline testosterone concentrations (<7.4 nmol/L [213 ng/dL], where HR and CI were >1.0) had higher all-cause mortality risk
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
with risk higher for DHT at Q1 median (0.69 nmol/L; fully-adjusted HR=1.19, CI=1.08–1.30)
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
No significant difference in all-cause mortality was noted
PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
Eplerenone showed lower mortality rates than spironolactone in patients with HFrEF (HR = 0.74; 95% CI [0.59, 0.94], P = 0.01)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.1
after excluding Martinez et al. and Naser et al. studies, the results were not significant: (HR = 0.83; 95% CI [0.66, 1.04], P = 0.10)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.92
the HR didn’t favor either of the drugs in patients with HFmrEF (HR = 1.03; 95% CI [0.60, 1.77], P = 0.92)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.02
One RCT reported all-cause mortality and showed lower mortality rates with eplerenone than spironolactone (HR = 0.64; 95% CI [0.44, 0.93], P = 0.02)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.009
The pooled HR revealed that Eplerenone exhibited lower mortality instances compared to spironolactone (HR = 0.78; 95% CI [0.64, 0.94], P = 0.009)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.1
within observational studies, eplerenone showed comparable mortality rates when compared to spironolactone (HR = 0.83; 95% CI [0.67, 1.04], P = 0.10)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
patients at mild/moderate stage (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases, n = 3750
lower intake of riboflavin was associated with the higher risk of all-cause mortality (Q1: HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05-1.69)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
CVD (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.03)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
and dyslipidemia (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.66)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
in female (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
increases
with hypertension (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75)
PMID:39331893 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, n = 14920
The use of fish oil was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.81-0.97) and cancer mortality (aHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.98)
PMID:39415179 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
Subgroup analyses revealed that the protective effects of fish oil and glucosamine against mortality risk were only observed in patients with LE8 scores lower than the mean score or a poor cancer prognosis
PMID:39415179 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, n = 14920
Similarly, glucosamine use was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and cancer mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.93) in the fully adjusted model
PMID:39415179 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.023
In a sub-analysis of only randomized trials, the results remained statistically significant (risk ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94; P = .023)
PMID:39574288 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.004, n = 824
Empagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004)
PMID:40324865 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
no statistically relevant difference was observed between the ketamine and etomidate groups (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.64–1.21)
PMID:40355221 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.33-2.67
Two studies reported on the risk of death, finding no difference between NPP and UMC (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.33 to 2.67, I2 = 0%).
PMID:40456519 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.65
OR = 1.09 (95%CI, 0.76, 1.54; p = 0.65)
PMID:40533625 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
curcumin reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.65; I2 = 0%)
PMID:40538540 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, n = 3761
The resulting RR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.29 to 3.47
PMID:40685887 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
mortality (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.18-1.90)
PMID:40753604 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
all-cause mortality (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.60-3.09)
PMID:40753604 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.57; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.76)
PMID:41125402 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
Several studies have shown a trend toward lower all-cause mortality among patients assigned to NOACs, particularly among patients with a low bleeding risk profile.
PMID:41222886 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, n = 728
may not reduce all-cause mortality (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.11; 3 trials, 728 children; low-certainty evidence)
PMID:41510785 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
all-cause mortality (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.42; 5 trials, 18,034 children; low-certainty evidence)
PMID:41510785 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, n = 8809
Iron may result in little or no difference in mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.74; 20 trials, 8809 children; low-certainty evidence)
PMID:41510785 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
Both warfarin (IPTW aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.74; p < 0.001)
PMID:41531219 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.667
All-cause mortality was similar between DOACs and warfarin (IPTW aHR, 1.09 [0.75–1.58]; p = 0.667)
PMID:41531219 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
DOACs (aHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78; p < 0.001)
PMID:41531219 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, n = 930
all-cause mortality: Peto OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.62 to 3.63; I² = 37%; 3 studies, 930 participants; very low-certainty evidence
PMID:41670018 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.50-1.23
Comparative meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality between HTS and mannitol (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.50-1.23) and similar survival rates (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.96-1.14), with high certainty.
PMID:41724523 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect, p = 0.43
all-cause mortality between the 2 therapies (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.76–1.12; P =.43)
PMID:41760043 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
semaglutide was the only agent that achieved a statistically significant reduction (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.99)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
Compared with placebo, tirzepatide and the GLP-1RA class significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.83 and HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.92, respectively)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
no effect
Tirzepatide showed a non-significant trend toward reduction in all-cause mortality compared with placebo (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.56–1.03)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality
decreases
Compared with placebo, tirzepatide and the GLP-1RA class significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.83 and HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.92, respectively)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
58 papers
- Subject
- all-cause mortality
- Findings
- 58
- Papers
- 58
Association of preoperative metformin use with postoperative mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.record2026PMID:412080451 finding
Association of thiamine supplementation with 30-day mortality among ICU patients with sepsis-associated delirium.record2026PMID:418724381 finding
Comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with end-stage kidney disease and atrial fibrillation.record2026PMID:415312191 finding
Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children and adolescents.record2026PMID:427200981 finding
Methylene Blue for Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized and Prospective Observational Studies.record2026PMID:395742881 finding
Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas.record2026PMID:415107851 finding
Pre-CRRT furosemide and mortality in sepsis-associated AKI: A retrospective cohort study.record2026PMID:420084851 finding
Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.record2026PMID:424728341 finding
Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.record2025PMID:406908131 finding
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:403248651 finding
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2025PMID:405100201 finding
Influence of intravenous iron therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events of patients on hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.record2025PMID:407536041 finding
Melatonin and delirium in the intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2025PMID:410515611 finding
Thiamine use and short-term prognosis in critical cerebrovascular disease: a propensity score matched retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database.record2025PMID:411847851 finding
Association between fish oil and glucosamine use and mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: the role of the Life Essential 8 score and cancer prognosis.record2024PMID:394151791 finding
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.record2024PMID:384316001 finding
Differential effects of thiamine and ascorbic acid in clusters of septic patients identified by latent variable analysis.record2024PMID:396143571 finding
Efficacy of selenium on patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2024PMID:386590181 finding
Enteral glutamine supplements for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2024PMID:374603471 finding
Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial.record2024PMID:387731991 finding
Methylene Blue in Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2024PMID:389049781 finding
Methylene Blue Reduces Mortality in Critically Ill and Perioperative Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.record2024PMID:378800411 finding
Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.record2024PMID:385199251 finding
The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.record2024PMID:384440161 finding
Modified-release nicotinamide for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients: 52-week efficacy and safety results of the phase 3 randomized controlled NOPHOS trial.record2023PMID:357516251 finding
The Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Severe Adult Burn Patients: A Systematic Review With Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis.record2023PMID:371149121 finding
Ameliorative Potential of L-Alanyl L-Glutamine Dipeptide in Colon Cancer Patients Receiving Modified FOLFOX-6 Regarding the Incidence of Diarrhea, the Treatment Response, and Patients' Survival: A Randomized Controlled Trial.record2022PMID:353345701 finding
Efficacy and safety of azithromycin in Covid-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.record2022PMID:340776001 finding
N-Acetylcysteine's Renoprotective Effect in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2022PMID:347326001 finding
Prophylactic melatonin for delirium in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.record2022PMID:363168581 finding
Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age.record2022PMID:352940441 finding
Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.record2021PMID:333824411 finding
Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.record2021PMID:335956341 finding
Glutamine on critical-ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2021PMID:332224641 finding
Increased bleeding events with the addition of apixaban to the dual anti-platelet regimen for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis.record2021PMID:337616991 finding
Dietary intake and biomarkers of linoleic acid and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.record2020PMID:320201621 finding
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.record2020PMID:330672891 finding
Meta-analysis Comparing Combined Use of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Statin to Statin Alone.record2020PMID:317400201 finding
Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.record2019PMID:314058921 finding
Dose-response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.record2019PMID:303459501 finding
Effect of coenzyme Q10 in Europeans with chronic heart failure: A sub-group analysis of the Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind trial.record2019PMID:308353271 finding
Morphine in acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.record2019PMID:308789851 finding
N-acetylcysteine use among patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.record2019PMID:310710811 finding
Safety evaluation and cardiovascular effect of additional use of spironolactone in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis.record2019PMID:311185821 finding
Spatial Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Bed Nets on Child Mortality: 26 Years on, a Spatial Reanalysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.record2019PMID:315958671 finding
Efficacy and Safety of L-Carnitine Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2017PMID:284970601 finding
Long-Term Administration of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Remodeling in Mice by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.record2017PMID:282234371 finding
Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in severely burned patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.record2017PMID:282652981 finding
Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns.record2014PMID:255361831 finding
Sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2014PMID:252127181 finding
The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2014PMID:244016361 finding
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.record2014PMID:244145521 finding
A meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle for glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients with burn.record2013PMID:233130171 finding
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting.record2013PMID:233431891 finding
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