Studied for
9 endpoints · 10 findings · 4 papers · 5 null
- Cardiovascular mortalitylowersEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Body masslowersEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Body mass indexlowersEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- C-reactive protein concentrationno detected effectEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
- Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)no detected effectEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
What the evidence says
How to read these marks10 findings · 9 endpoints · 4 papers · 5 null · by evidence strength
What moved
5 findings
Decreases body mass index
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“The random‐effects analysis of four RCTs comprising 315 patients with MASLD showed that Empagliflozin significantly reduced BMI (WMD −0.71 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.43, p < 0.001) and showed negligible heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Adults with MASLD (previously NAFLD or NASH), with or without type 2 diabetes; four RCTs
Effect -0.71 mean difference, 95% CI -1 to -0.43
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42504019Permalink
Decreases cardiovascular mortality
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1“The results indicated that Empagliflozin group exhibited a lower cardiovascular disease mortality rate versus Ctrl group (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.97, Z = 2.73, P =.006), while neglectable difference existed in the all-cause mortality rate versus Ctrl group (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.01, Z = 1.72, P =.09).”
Quoted verbatim from Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg
- Population
- Patients with heart failure of any type; 15 pooled RCTs, empagliflozin 10 mg versus placebo (control group)
Effect 0.89 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.2024PMID:39533603Permalink
Decreases body mass
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Our study demonstrated that empagliflozin had significant effects on the following outcomes in AMI patients: weight reduction (SMD = −0.80, 95% CI = −1.15 to −0.45, p < 0.00001), LVGLS (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.48 to −0.06, p = 0.01), EF (SMD = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.63–1.38, p < 0.00001), and SBP (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI = −0.88 to −0.20, p = 0.002).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg daily in eight included trials, 25 mg daily in one
- Population
- Patients with acute myocardial infarction; pooled RCTs, empagliflozin versus placebo; secondary outcome
Effect -0.8 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.45
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:40489293Permalink
Decreases cardiovascular mortality
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Empagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, p = 0.003) compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults with acute heart failure; pooled randomised placebo-controlled trials
Effect 0.56 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.82
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40324865Permalink
Decreases all-cause mortality
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Empagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, p = 0.003) compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults with acute heart failure; pooled randomised placebo-controlled trials
Effect 0.47 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40324865Permalink
What did not
5 findings
No detected effect on LDL cholesterol
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The pooled data from five RCTs (377 participants) indicated that empagliflozin did not significantly alter LDL‐C levels (WMD = −8.45 mg/dL, 95% CI: −33.33 to 16.43, p = 0.329; I 2 = 88.5%).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Adults with MASLD (previously NAFLD or NASH), with or without type 2 diabetes; five RCTs
Effect -8.45 mean difference, 95% CI -33.33 to 16.43
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42504019Permalink
No detected effect on C-reactive protein concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Significant effects of empagliflozin were not noted for the following outcomes: hs-CRP (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.85 to 0.26, p = 0.30), WBC count (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.66, p = 0.42), IL-6 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.97, p = 0.12), ketone bodies (SMD = 2.95, 95% CI = −1.82 to 7.72, p = 0.23), HbA1c (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.38 to 0.29, p = 0.79), eGFR (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.30), NT-proBNP (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.59 to 0.21, p = 0.35), E/e’ ratio (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI = −1.54 to 0.44, p = 0.28), TAPSE (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.30, p = 0.38), and DBP (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.60 to 0.07, p = 0.12).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg daily in eight included trials, 25 mg daily in one
- Population
- Patients with acute myocardial infarction; pooled RCTs, empagliflozin versus placebo; secondary outcome
Effect -0.29 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.85 to 0.26
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:40489293Permalink
No detected effect on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Significant effects of empagliflozin were not noted for the following outcomes: hs-CRP (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.85 to 0.26, p = 0.30), WBC count (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.66, p = 0.42), IL-6 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.97, p = 0.12), ketone bodies (SMD = 2.95, 95% CI = −1.82 to 7.72, p = 0.23), HbA1c (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.38 to 0.29, p = 0.79), eGFR (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.30), NT-proBNP (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.59 to 0.21, p = 0.35), E/e’ ratio (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI = −1.54 to 0.44, p = 0.28), TAPSE (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.30, p = 0.38), and DBP (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.60 to 0.07, p = 0.12).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg daily in eight included trials, 25 mg daily in one
- Population
- Patients with acute myocardial infarction; pooled RCTs, empagliflozin versus placebo; secondary outcome
Effect -0.05 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.29
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:40489293Permalink
No detected effect on interleukin-6 concentration
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Significant effects of empagliflozin were not noted for the following outcomes: hs-CRP (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.85 to 0.26, p = 0.30), WBC count (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.66, p = 0.42), IL-6 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.97, p = 0.12), ketone bodies (SMD = 2.95, 95% CI = −1.82 to 7.72, p = 0.23), HbA1c (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.38 to 0.29, p = 0.79), eGFR (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.30), NT-proBNP (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.59 to 0.21, p = 0.35), E/e’ ratio (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI = −1.54 to 0.44, p = 0.28), TAPSE (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.12 to 0.30, p = 0.38), and DBP (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.60 to 0.07, p = 0.12).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg daily in eight included trials, 25 mg daily in one
- Population
- Patients with acute myocardial infarction; pooled RCTs, empagliflozin versus placebo; secondary outcome
Effect 0.43 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.97
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:40489293Permalink
No detected effect on total cholesterol (TC)
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Analysis of four RCTs including 335 patients suggested no significant effect of empagliflozin on TC (WMD = −8.07 mg/dL, 95% CI: −24.49 to 8.35, p = 0.335; I 2 = 83.5%).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Adults with MASLD (previously NAFLD or NASH), with or without type 2 diabetes; four RCTs
Effect -8.07 mean difference, 95% CI -24.49 to 8.35
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42504019Permalink
Papers screened
524 papers
- Compound
- empagliflozin
- Screened
- 524
- Admitted
- 5
- Discarded
- 7
- Not read
- 512
- Showing
- 200 of 524
Produced a finding5 papers
- PMID:395336032026-10-05
- PMID:395787522026-10-05
- PMID:403248652026-10-05
- PMID:404892932026-10-05
- PMID:425040192026-10-05
Discarded: an endpoint this vocabulary does not hold3 papers
- PMID:36034443no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) by cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping, pooled weighted mean difference of change; native T1 value by CMR as a second endpoint | diffuse myocardial fibrosis, extracellular volume fraction by CMR T1 mapping, change over treatment, pooled WMD; and native T1 value by CMR2026-10-05
- PMID:39809551claims extracted but the object named resolved to no node — recorded in candidate_nodes (ADR-0070)2026-10-05
- PMID:41999103no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: kidney disease progression composite, pooled hazard ratio across RCTs in patients with cardiovascular disease | kidney disease progression composite, pooled hazard ratio of time-to-event2026-10-05
Discarded: another reason, stated per paper2 papers
- PMID:38771475no claim extracted — cause not determined (one pass only) — measured: serious acute kidney injury incidence by MedDRA investigator-reported serious AE, rate ratio per 100 patient-years (the AKI node requires any grade staged by KDIGO, AKIN, RIFLE or CTCAE)2026-10-05
- PMID:39400108no claim extracted — cause not determined2026-10-05
Discarded: no comparator1 paper
- PMID:36716212no claim extracted — comparator_not_absence2026-10-05
Discarded: the wrong intervention1 paper
- PMID:40352167no claim extracted — combination_exposure2026-10-05
Not read yet512 papers
- PMID:244759222026-09-29
- PMID:283736282026-09-29
- PMID:284282252026-09-29
- PMID:286110372026-09-29
- PMID:296035462026-09-29
- PMID:296315852026-09-29
- PMID:296634362026-09-29
- PMID:300395382026-09-29
- PMID:300998472026-09-29
- PMID:305856902026-09-29
- PMID:306757082026-09-29
- PMID:307841602026-09-29
and 500 more.
Measured, not recorded
- Compound
- empagliflozin
- Endpoints measured
- 378 endpoints
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
change in myocardial extracellular volume (delta ECV) by cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping, pooled weighted mean difference versus placebo; also change in native T1 value
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Heterogeneity analysis did not find any heterogeneity (chi2 = 0.39, P = 0.82, I 2 = 0%), which indicated that empagliflozin could significantly reduce ECV compared to placebo.
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in myocardial extracellular volume (ΔECV)
decreases, p = 0.00001
-1.48 (95% CI -1.76 to -1.21, P < 0.00001)
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
change in myocardial extracellular volume fraction (delta ECV) by cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping, pooled weighted mean difference, empagliflozin versus placebo
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Heterogeneity analysis did not find any heterogeneity (chi2 = 0.39, P = 0.82, I 2 = 0%), which indicated that empagliflozin could significantly reduce ECV compared to placebo.
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in native T1 value (Δnative T1)
no effect, p = 0.51
WMD = -5.40, 95% CI -21.63 to 10.83, P = 0.51
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), before vs after treatment
no effect, p = 0.55
WMD = -0.29, 95% CI -1.26 to 0.67, P = 0.55
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), before vs after treatment
no effect, p = 0.65
WMD = 0.38, 95% CI -1.28 to 2.05, P = 0.65
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Native T1 value, before vs after treatment
no effect, p = 0.91
empagliflozin group: WMD = 1.01, 95% CI -17.47 to 19.48, P = 0.91
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
Native T1 value, before vs after treatment
no effect, p = 0.73
placebo group: WMD = -8.99, 95% CI -61.00 to 43.03, P = 0.73
PMID:36034443 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
ACM | Japan | 43 (6.16) | 61 (8.88) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −6.189 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Pooled | 401 (10.47) | 721 (19.20)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
ACM | Japan | 20 (7.31) | 30 (12.05) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.81) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −3.697 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Pooled | 114 (7.74) | 173 (12.26)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
ACM | Japan | 43 (6.16) | 61 (8.88) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −6.189 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
South Korea | 41 (2.95) | 65 (4.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Taiwan | 317 (18.16) | 595 (33.96)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 92 (8.40) | 111 (10.41) | 0.85 (0.64–1.12)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 253 (11.77) | 386 (17.09) | 0.72 (0.51 1.01)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
ACM | Japan | 20 (7.31) | 30 (12.05) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.81) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −3.697 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
no effect
ACM | 73 (15.55) | 98 (21.39) | 0.82 (0.60–1.11)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
decreases
ACM | 41 (4.09) | 74 (7.69) | 0.60 (0.40–0.89)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
South Korea | 18 (3.55) | 33 (6.80)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality
Taiwan | 76 (10.97) | 110 (16.26)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
all-cause mortality (ACM), pooled hazard ratio across Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, empagliflozin new users versus DPP-4 inhibitor new users, 1:1 propensity-score matched as-treated analysis, mean follow-up about 6 months
decreases, pHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.81
Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment
Thus, empagliflozin use was associated with a lower risk of the separate cardiovascular outcomes: hospitalization for heart failure (pHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.94), all‐cause mortality (pHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50–0.81), and coronary revascularization procedures (pHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.95), in comparison with DPP‐4i use (Table 2).
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality, and composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality, in new users with type 2 diabetes, Cox model, propensity-matched; also all-cause mortality alone, pooled hazard ratio 0.64
decreases, composite HHF and all-cause mortality pHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.86; composite MI, stroke and all-cause mortality pHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.88
Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment
The risk of the composite outcome including hospitalization for heart failure and all‐cause mortality (pooled HR [pHR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.86), and the composite outcome including myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality (pHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61–0.88) was lower for empagliflozin compared with DDP‐4i (Table 2).
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | Japan | 360 (52.42) | 498 (74.39) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −7.962 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Pooled | 917 (24.08) | 1,212 (32.58)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | Japan | 193 (72.24) | 239 (98.92) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −4.423 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Pooled | 458 (31.35) | 588 (42.1)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | Japan | 360 (52.42) | 498 (74.39) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −7.962 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
South Korea | 209 (15.12) | 300 (22.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Taiwan | 348 (20.01) | 414 (23.75)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | 377 (34.72) | 464 (44.04) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | 791 (37.37) | 1,033 (46.65) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | Japan | 193 (72.24) | 239 (98.92) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −4.423 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | 369 (80.30) | 465 (104.42) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including HHF § and ACM | 87 (8.69) | 135 (14.06) | 0.64 (0.49–0.85)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
South Korea | 88 (17.45) | 125 (25.90)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
Taiwan | 177 (25.67) | 224 (33.32)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | Japan | 95 (13.64) | 127 (18.55) | 0.69 (0.60–0.78) | I 2 = 34.11% Z = −5.561 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Pooled | 604 (15.81) | 862 (23.07)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
decreases, p = 0.005
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | Japan | 42 (15.39) | 48 (19.31) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.88) | I 2 = 17.34% Z = −3.349 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Pooled | 271 (18.47) | 355 (25.27)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | Japan | 95 (13.64) | 127 (18.55) | 0.69 (0.60–0.78) | I 2 = 34.11% Z = −5.561 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
South Korea | 204 (14.75) | 321 (24.59)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Taiwan | 305 (17.52) | 414 (23.71)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
no effect
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | 208 (19.05) | 253 (23.84) | 0.82 (0.65–1.03)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | 467 (21.86) | 675 (30.12) | 0.75 (0.60–0.94)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | Japan | 42 (15.39) | 48 (19.31) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.88) | I 2 = 17.34% Z = −3.349 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | 168 (35.98) | 207 (45.55) | 0.79 (0.62–1.00)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
decreases
Composite outcome including MI, stroke, and ACM | 103 (10.30) | 158 (16.48) | 0.67 (0.52–0.87)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
South Korea | 79 (15.66) | 123 (25.49)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality
Taiwan | 150 (21.73) | 184 (27.31)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
no effect, p = 0.135
Coronary revascularization procedure | Japan | 268 (38.88) | 383 (56.99) | 0.80 (0.59–1.07) | I 2 = 85.03% Z = −1.495 P‐value = 0.135
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Pooled | 630 (16.54) | 760 (20.40)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
decreases, p = 0.01
Coronary revascularization procedure | Japan | 158 (58.92) | 206 (84.89) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | I 2 = 12.22% Z = −2.568 P‐value = 0.010
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Pooled | 321 (21.96) | 391 (27.97)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Coronary revascularization procedure | Japan | 268 (38.88) | 383 (56.99) | 0.80 (0.59–1.07) | I 2 = 85.03% Z = −1.495 P‐value = 0.135
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
South Korea | 66 (4.77) | 97 (7.39)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Taiwan | 296 (17.05) | 280 (16.08)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
decreases
Coronary revascularization procedure †† | 170 (24.22) | 225 (33.49) | 0.76 (0.62–0.92)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
decreases
Coronary revascularization procedure | 469 (22.13) | 570 (25.66) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Coronary revascularization procedure | Japan | 158 (58.92) | 206 (84.89) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | I 2 = 12.22% Z = −2.568 P‐value = 0.010
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
no effect
Coronary revascularization procedure | 267 (57.93) | 325 (72.75) | 0.83 (0.58–1.19)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
no effect
Coronary revascularization procedure | 53 (5.30) | 70 (7.29) | 0.71 (0.49–1.01)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
South Korea | 23 (4.55) | 33 (6.81)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Coronary revascularization procedure
Taiwan | 140 (20.34) | 152 (22.66)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
decreases, p = 0.005
HHF § | Japan | 330 (48.05) | 451 (67.37) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | I 2 = 31.47% Z = −4.534 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
Pooled | 733 (19.25) | 955 (25.67)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
decreases, p = 0.005
HHF § | Japan | 181 (67.75) | 216 (89.40) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −2.845 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
Pooled | 371 (25.39) | 442 (31.65)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
HHF § | Japan | 330 (48.05) | 451 (67.37) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | I 2 = 31.47% Z = −4.534 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
South Korea | 178 (12.87) | 245 (18.74)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
Taiwan | 225 (12.94) | 259 (14.86)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
decreases
HHF § | 309 (28.46) | 373 (35.40) | 0.83 (0.70–0.99)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
decreases
HHF § | 600 (28.35) | 724 (32.69) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
HHF § | Japan | 181 (67.75) | 216 (89.40) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −2.845 P‐value < 0.005
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
decreases
HHF § | 320 (69.64) | 394 (88.48) | 0.82 (0.71–0.96)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
no effect
HHF § | 49 (4.90) | 66 (6.87) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
South Korea | 77 (15.27) | 100 (20.72)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Hospitalization for heart failure
Taiwan | 113 (16.39) | 126 (18.74)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect, p = 0.156
MI | Japan | 28 (4.02) | 22 (3.21) | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | I 2 = 28.48% Z = −1.418 P‐value = 0.156
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
Pooled | 142 (3.71) | 174 (4.64)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect, p = 0.512
MI | Japan | 13 (4.76) | 9 (3.62) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.26) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −0.656 P‐value = 0.512
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
Pooled | 60 (4.08) | 66 (4.68)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
MI | Japan | 28 (4.02) | 22 (3.21) | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | I 2 = 28.48% Z = −1.418 P‐value = 0.156
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
South Korea | 70 (5.05) | 86 (6.55)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
Taiwan | 44 (2.52) | 66 (3.77)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect
MI | 51 (4.66) | 51 (4.79) | 1.14 (0.53–2.45)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect
MI | 90 (4.20) | 107 (4.75) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
MI | Japan | 13 (4.76) | 9 (3.62) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.26) | I 2 ≤ 0.005% Z = −0.656 P‐value = 0.512
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect
MI | 41 (8.75) | 49 (10.74) | 0.93 (0.61–1.42)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
no effect
MI | 19 (1.90) | 29 (3.02) | 0.59 (0.32–1.11)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
South Korea | 24 (4.75) | 30 (6.19)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Myocardial infarction
Taiwan | 23 (3.32) | 27 (4.00)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
no effect, p = 0.144
Stroke | Japan | 26 (3.73) | 50 (7.29) | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) | I 2 = 87.38% Z = −1.46 P‐value = 0.144
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Pooled | 251 (6.56) | 341 (9.13)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
no effect, p = 0.142
Stroke | Japan | 12 (4.39) | 13 (5.23) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.09) | I 2 = 36.91% Z = −1.47 P‐value = 0.142
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Pooled | 108 (7.35) | 134 (9.52)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Stroke | Japan | 26 (3.73) | 50 (7.29) | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) | I 2 = 87.38% Z = −1.46 P‐value = 0.144
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
South Korea | 107 (7.73) | 187 (14.29)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Taiwan | 118 (6.77) | 104 (5.97)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
decreases
Stroke | 75 (6.86) | 104 (9.78) | 0.70 (0.52–0.95)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
decreases
Stroke | 153 (7.15) | 221 (9.84) | 0.72 (0.59–0.89)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Stroke | Japan | 12 (4.39) | 13 (5.23) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.09) | I 2 = 36.91% Z = −1.47 P‐value = 0.142
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
no effect
Stroke | 61 (13.04) | 67 (14.68) | 0.69 (0.46–1.06)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
no effect
Stroke | 47 (4.70) | 62 (6.46) | 0.78 (0.45–1.34)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
South Korea | 43 (8.51) | 68 (14.06)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Stroke
Taiwan | 53 (7.67) | 53 (7.86)
PMID:36716212 · one of two readings recorded this
Bone fracture
no effect
Bone fracture | 418 (1.93) | 1.75, 2.13 | 440 (2.03) | 1.84, 2.22 | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) | 0.09 (− 0.17, 0.36)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
Ketoacidosis | 7 (0.03) | 0.01, 0.07 | 15 (0.07) | 0.04, 0.11 | 2.13 (0.87, 5.24) | 0.04 (− 0.01, 0.08)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 2 (0.08) | 0.01, 0.27 | 5 (0.19) | 0.06, 0.43 | 2.53 (0.49, 13.08) | 0.11 (− 0.08, 0.31)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
eGFR 30 to < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 1 (0.02) | 0.00, 0.11 | 3 (0.06) | 0.01, 0.18 | 2.96 (0.31, 28.29) | 0.04 (− 0.04, 0.12)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
eGFR 45 to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 3 (0.07) | 0.01, 0.21 | 3 (0.07) | 0.01, 0.21 | 0.99 (0.20, 4.90) | 0.00 (− 0.11, 0.11)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
eGFR 60 to < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 0 | – | 3 (0.04) | 0.01, 0.11 | – | 0.04 (− 0.01, 0.08)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 1 (0.04) | 0.00, 0.21 | 1 (0.04) | 0.00, 0.21 | 0.98 (0.06,15.41) | 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.10)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
Non-diabetic | 0 | – | 1 (0.01) | 0.00, 0.07 | – | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.04)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Ketoacidosis
no effect
T2D | 7 (0.05) | 0.02, 0.10 | 14 (0.10) | 0.05, 0.17 | 2.01 (0.81, 4.99) | 0.05 (− 0.01, 0.11)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
Lower limb amputation | 93 (0.42) | 0.34, 0.52 | 95 (0.43) | 0.35, 0.52 | 1.01 (0.76, 1.35) | 0.01 (− 0.12, 0.13)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
< 65 years | 43 (0.48) | 0.35, 0.65 | 45 (0.51) | 0.37, 0.68 | 1.06 (0.70, 1.60) | 0.03 (− 0.18, 0.24)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
65 to < 75 years | 34 (0.45) | 0.31, 0.63 | 33 (0.42) | 0.29, 0.59 | 0.94 (0.58, 1.51) | − 0.03 (− 0.24, 0.18)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
75 to < 85 years | 14 (0.28) | 0.15, 0.48 | 17 (0.35) | 0.20, 0.56 | 1.24 (0.61, 2.50) | 0.07 (− 0.16, 0.29)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 8 (0.18) | 0.08, 0.35 | 18 (0.38) | 0.22, 0.60 | 2.12 (0.92, 4.89) | 0.20 (− 0.01, 0.41)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
BMI 25 to < 30 kg/m2 a | 37 (0.48) | 0.34, 0.67 | 29 (0.38) | 0.26, 0.55 | 0.79 (0.49, 1.29) | − 0.10 (− 0.31, 0.11)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
BMI 30 to < 35 kg/m2 a | 25 (0.44) | 0.28, 0.65 | 32 (0.55) | 0.38, 0.78 | 1.24 (0.73, 2.08) | 0.11 (− 0.15, 0.36)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 a | 23 (0.56) | 0.36, 0.84 | 16 (0.40) | 0.23, 0.65 | 0.72 (0.38, 1.36) | − 0.16 (− 0.46, 0.15)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 10 (0.38) | 0.18, 0.70 | 16 (0.60) | 0.34, 0.97 | 1.57 (0.71, 3.49) | 0.22 (− 0.16, 0.59)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
eGFR 30 to < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 21 (0.42) | 0.26, 0.64 | 21 (0.42) | 0.26, 0.64 | 1.00 (0.55, 1.84) | 0.00 (− 0.25, 0.26)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
eGFR 45 to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 24 (0.57) | 0.37, 0.85 | 17 (0.41) | 0.24, 0.65 | 0.71 (0.38, 1.33) | − 0.16 (− 0.46, 0.14)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
eGFR 60 to < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 26 (0.34) | 0.23, 0.51 | 28 (0.37) | 0.24, 0.53 | 1.06 (0.62, 1.81) | 0.02 (− 0.17, 0.21)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 12 (0.45) | 0.23, 0.79 | 13 (0.49) | 0.26, 0.83 | 1.07 (0.49, 2.36) | 0.03 (− 0.33, 0.40)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
History of HF | 43 (0.42) | 0.30, 0.56 | 37 (0.36) | 0.25, 0.50 | 0.86 (0.55, 1.33) | − 0.06 (− 0.23, 0.11)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
History of PAD | 49 (1.96) | 1.45, 2.60 | 38 (1.48) | 1.05, 2.03 | 0.76 (0.49, 1.16) | − 0.48 (− 1.20, 0.24)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
No HF | 50 (0.43) | 0.32, 0.56 | 58 (0.49) | 0.37, 0.63 | 1.15 (0.79, 1.68) | 0.06 (− 0.11, 0.24)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
No history of PAD | 44 (0.23) | 0.16, 0.30 | 57 (0.29) | 0.22, 0.38 | 1.29 (0.87, 1.91) | 0.07 (− 0.03, 0.17)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
Non-diabetic | 5 (0.06) | 0.02, 0.15 | 7 (0.09) | 0.03, 0.18 | 1.40 (0.44, 4.39) | 0.02 (− 0.06, 0.11)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Lower limb amputation
no effect
T2D | 88 (0.63) | 0.50, 0.77 | 88 (0.62) | 0.50, 0.77 | 0.99 (0.74, 1.34) | 0.00 (− 0.19, 0.18)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
serious acute kidney injury, investigator-reported MedDRA preferred terms, pooled rate ratio per 100 patient-years; also serious UTI, serious genital infection, severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, serious volume depletion, bone fracture, lower limb amputation
decreases, rate ratio 0.73 [0.64, 0.83]
Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population
The risk of serious acute kidney injury was lower in the empagliflozin group versus placebo (0.73 [0.64, 0.83]) (Table 4).
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious acute kidney injury
decreases
Serious AKI | 517 (2.38) | 2.18, 2.60 | 380 (1.73) | 1.56, 1.92 | 0.73 (0.64, 0.83) | − 0.65 (− 0.92, − 0.38)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
serious adverse events, fatal adverse events and adverse events leading to discontinuation, empagliflozin 10 mg versus placebo, percentage of patients, pooled individual participant data from four trials
no effect, similar between groups; no test statistic in the sentence
Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound
The percentages of patients with serious AEs, fatal AEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation were also similar for both groups (Table 3).
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
Serious genital infection | 16 (0.07) | 0.04, 0.12 | 10 (0.04) | 0.02, 0.08 | 0.62 (0.28, 1.37) | − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.02)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
< 65 years | 5 (0.06) | 0.02, 0.13 | 2 (0.02) | 0.00, 0.08 | 0.40 (0.08, 2.10) | − 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.02)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
65 to < 75 years | 6 (0.08) | 0.03, 0.17 | 3 (0.04) | 0.01, 0.11 | 0.49 (0.12, 1.93) | − 0.04 (− 0.12, 0.04)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
75 to < 85 years | 5 (0.10) | 0.03, 0.24 | 5 (0.10) | 0.03, 0.24 | 1.01 (0.29, 3.44) | 0.00 (− 0.13, 0.13)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 5 (0.11) | 0.04, 0.25 | 1 (0.02) | 0.00, 0.12 | 0.18 (0.02, 1.65) | − 0.09 (− 0.19, 0.01)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
eGFR 30 to < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 3 (0.06) | 0.01, 0.17 | 3 (0.06) | 0.01,0.18 | 0.99 (0.20, 4.87) | 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.10)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
eGFR 45 to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 3 (0.07) | 0.01, 0.21 | 1 (0.02) | 0.00, 0.13 | 0.33 (0.03, 3.17) | 0.05 (− 0.14, 0.05)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
eGFR 60 to < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 8 (0.11) | 0.05, 0.21 | 6 (0.08) | 0.03, 0.17 | 0.74 (0.26, 2.14) | − 0.03 (− 0.12, 0.07)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
Female | 2 (0.03) | 0.00, 0.10 | 2 (0.03) | 0.00, 0.09 | 0.99 (0.14, 7.12) | 0.00 (− 0.05, 0.05)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
History of HF | 10 (0.10) | 0.05, 0.18 | 6 (0.06) | 0.02, 0.13 | 0.60 (0.22, 1.65) | − 0.04 (− 0.12, 0.04)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
Male | 14 (0.10) | 0.05, 0.16 | 8 (0.05) | 0.02, 0.11 | 0.57 (0.24, 1.36) | − 0.04 (− 0.10, 0.02)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
No HF | 6 (0.05) | 0.02, 0.11 | 4 (0.03) | 0.01, 0.09 | 0.66 (0.19, 2.33) | − 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.03)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
No immunosuppressants | 16 (0.07) | 0.04, 0.12 | 10 (0.05) | 0.02, 0.08 | 0.62 (0.28, 1.37) | − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.02)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
Non-diabetic | 4 (0.05) | 0.01, 0.13 | 2 (0.02) | 0.00, 0.09 | 0.49 (0.09, 2.69) | − 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.03)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious genital infection
no effect
T2D | 12 (0.09) | 0.04, 0.15 | 8 (0.06) | 0.02, 0.11 | 0.66 (0.27, 1.63) | − 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.03)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious pyelonephritis or urosepsis
no effect
Serious pyelonephritis or urosepsis | 56 (0.25) | 0.19, 0.33 | 61 (0.28) | 0.21, 0.35 | 1.09 (0.76, 1.56) | 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.12)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
Serious UTI | 166 (0.76) | 0.65, 0.88 | 171 (0.78) | 0.66, 0.90 | 1.03 (0.83, 1.27) | 0.02 (− 0.14, 0.18)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
< 65 years | 34 (0.38) | 0.26, 0.53 | 37 (0.42) | 0.30, 0.58 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.76) | 0.04 (− 0.15, 0.23)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
≥ 85 years | 14 (2.37) | 1.30, 3.98 | 10 (1.70) | 0.81, 3.12 | 0.71 (0.32, 1.60) | − 0.70 (− 2.35, 0.95)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
65 to < 75 years | 63 (0.83) | 0.64, 1.07 | 55 (0.70) | 0.53, 0.92 | 0.85 (0.59, 1.21) | − 0.13 (− 0.41, 0.15)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
75 to < 85 years | 55 (1.12) | 0.84, 1.46 | 69 (1.42) | 1.11, 1.80 | 1.27 (0.89, 1.81) | 0.30 (− 0.14, 0.75)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
BMI: < 25 kg/m2 | 33 (0.73) | 0.50, 1.02 | 33 (0.70) | 0.48, 0.98 | 0.96 (0.59, 1.55) | − 0.03 (− 0.38, 0.31)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 29 (1.11) | 0.74, 1.59 | 30 (1.13) | 0.76, 1.61 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.65) | − 0.02 (− 0.58, 0.54)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
eGFR 30 to < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 58 (1.17) | 0.89, 1.51 | 58 (1.17) | 0.89, 1.51 | 1.00 (0.69, 1.44) | 0.00 (− 0.43, 0.42)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
eGFR 45 to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 32 (0.76) | 0.52, 1.08 | 43 (1.04) | 0.75, 1.40 | 1.36 (0.86, 2.15) | 0.27 (− 0.13, 0.68)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
eGFR 60 to < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 37 (0.49) | 0.35, 0.68 | 27 (0.35) | 0.23, 0.52 | 0.72 (0.44, 1.19) | − 0.14 (− 0.34, 0.07)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 10 (0.38) | 0.18, 0.69 | 13 (0.48) | 0.26, 0.83 | 1.30 (0.57, 2.96) | 0.11 (− 0.24, 0.47)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
increases
Female | 68 (0.92) | 0.71, 1.16 | 91 (1.21) | 0.98, 1.49 | 1.33 (0.97, 1.82) | 0.30 (− 0.03, 0.63)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
History of HF | 91 (0.89) | 0.72, 1.09 | 107 (1.05) | 0.86, 1.27 | 1.18 (0.89, 1.56) | 0.16 (− 0.11, 0.43)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
Immunosuppressant therapy | 0 | – | 5 (1.88) | 0.61, 4.39 | – | 1.94 (0.24, 3.63)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
Male | 98 (0.67) | 0.55, 0.82 | 80 (0.55) | 0.44, 0.68 | 0.81 (0.61, 1.09) | − 0.13 (− 0.31, 0.05)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
No HF | 75 (0.64) | 0.50, 0.80 | 63 (0.53) | 0.41, 0.68 | 0.83 (0.60, 1.16) | − 0.11 (− 0.30, 0.09)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
No immunosuppressants | 166 (0.76) | 0.65, 0.89 | 166 (0.76) | 0.65, 0.89 | 1.00 (0.80, 1.24) | 0.00 (− 0.17, 0.16)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
Non-diabetic | 57 (0.72) | 0.54, 0.93 | 61 (0.76) | 0.58, 0.98 | 1.06 (0.74, 1.53) | 0.04 (− 0.22, 0.31)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious UTI
no effect
T2D | 109 (0.78) | 0.64, 0.94 | 110 (0.78) | 0.64, 0.94 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) | 0.01 (− 0.20, 0.21)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious volume depletion
no effect
Serious volume depletion | 193 (0.88) | 0.76, 1.01 | 208 (0.94) | 0.82, 1.08 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.31) | 0.07 (− 0.11, 0.25)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Serious volume depletion
no effect
(15 vs. 6 patients; 2.56 vs. 1.00/100 patient-years; rate ratio, 2.39 [0.92, 6.21])
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
Severe hypoglycemia
no effect
Severe hypoglycemia | 149 (0.68) | 0.57, 0.80 | 146 (0.66) | 0.56, 0.78 | 0.97 (0.78, 1.22) | − 0.02 (− 0.17, 0.14)
PMID:38771475 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause death (main outcomes)
no effect
MD = 0.97; 95% CI = (0.89–1.06)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
Mean Difference (MD) = 0.78; 95% CI = (0.72–0.85)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
no effect
Asian favoring the SGLT2i group (MD = 0.84; 95% CI = (0.68–1.02))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.80; 95% CI = (0.73–0.87)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.80; 95% CI = (0.74–0.88)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.81; 95% CI = (0.74–0.88)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
increases
Black race favoring the placebo group (MD = 1.30; 95% CI = (1.06–1.60))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.79; 95% CI = (0.69–0.89)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.81; 95% CI = (0.72–0.92)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
Overall pooled studies analysis showed statistically significant results between patients with BMI ⩾ 30 and those below 30 favoring the SGLT2i group (MD = 0.80; 95% CI = (0.73–0.87))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
Overall pooled studies analysis showed statistically significant results between patients with diabetes mellitus and patients without diabetes mellitus favoring the SGLT2i group (MD = 0.80; 95% CI = (0.74–0.88))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.82; 95% CI = (0.72–0.95)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.78; 95% CI = (0.68–0.90)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.82; 95% CI = (0.73–0.92)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
NT-proBNP ⩾ median value (MD = 0.79; 95% CI = (0.71–0.88))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.79; 95% CI = (0.73–0.86)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
class II (MD = 0.86; 95% CI = (0.78–0.94))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
no effect
class III or IV (MD = 0.92; 95% CI = (0.80–1.06))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.88; 95% CI = (0.81–0.95)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
no effect
Results were insignificant for other races (MD = 0.88; 95% CI = (0.64–1.23))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.90; 95% CI = (0.84–0.98)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
MD = 0.85; 95% CI = (0.75–0.96)
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF
decreases
Overall pooled studies analysis showed statistically significant results between females and males favoring the SGLT2i group (MD = 0.80; 95% CI = (0.74–0.88))
PMID:39400108 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
4 papers
- Subject
- empagliflozin
- Findings
- 10
- Papers
- 4
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2026PMID:425040193 findings
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin for the acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2025PMID:404892934 findings
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:403248652 findings
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.record2024PMID:395336031 finding