methylene blue

• Caretakers reporting no problem with CQ-MB treatment

  n = 181

  94/181 stated that they had no problem with the CQ-MB treatment, while 83/181 mentioned minor difficulties concerning the washing procedure of the stained clothes

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haematocrit, baseline to day 14

  no effect, p = 0.979, n = 30

  Changes in HCT [%] (N = 30) | 1.3 ± 3.3 | 1.4 ± 3.4 | [-3.2; 3.0], pWMW = 0.979

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haematocrit, baseline to day 14

  no effect, p = 0.698, n = 187

  Changes in HCT [%] (N = 187) | 1.9 ± 3.8 | 1.2 ± 5.1 | [-1.1; 2.5], pWMW = 0.698

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haematocrit, baseline to day 4

  no effect, p = 0.259, n = 30

  Changes in HCT [%] (N = 30) | 1.3 ± 4.1 | -1.4 ± 3.9 | [-0.9; 6.4], pWMW = 0.259

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haematocrit, baseline to day 4

  no effect, p = 0.871, n = 193

  Changes in HCT [%] (N = 193) | -1.2 ± 2.8 | -1.1 ± 4.1 | [-1.5; 1.3], pWMW = 0.871

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haemoglobin, baseline to day 3

  no effect, p = 0.126, n = 26

  Changes in Hb [g/dl] (N = 26) | 0.4 ± 1.2 | -0.7 ± 1.5 | [-0.4; 2.5], pWMW = 0.126

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Change in haemoglobin, baseline to day 3

  no effect, p = 0.906, n = 176

  Changes in Hb [g/dl] (N = 176) | -0.5 ± 1.3 | -0.4 ± 1.6 | [-0.6; 0.6], pWMW = 0.906

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinical failure (CF)

  no effect, p = 0.348

  CF (pChi = 0.348, OR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.34; 1.35])

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinical failure (CF)

  Clinical failure (CF) | 22 (53.7%) | 73 (44.0%)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Drug administration needing repetition after rejection by children

  (1/45 CQ, 35/181 CQ-MB)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Drug repetition needed with MB solution, children under 2 years versus older

  increases, p = 0.0001

  Application of the bitter-tasting 0.5% MB solution was more difficult in children <2 years compared to older children (26/61 versus 9/120, pChi < 0.0001)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Early treatment failure (ETF)

  no effect, p = 0.444

  ETF (pChi = 0.444, OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.34; 1.45])

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Early treatment failure (ETF)

  Early treatment failure (ETF) | 15 (36.6%) | 48 (28.9%)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• incidence of observed or self-reported adverse events over 14 days

  no effect, no marked difference between CQ and CQ-MB

  Not recorded as a finding: Adverse events were not attributed to the study product, so the ungraded adverse-reaction node's definition does not fit; the oral supplement node does not fit a drug trial.

  There was also no marked difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (Table 2).

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late clinical failure (LCF)

  no effect, p = 0.938

  LCF (pChi = 0.938, OR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.34; 2.16])

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late clinical failure (LCF)

  Late clinical failure (LCF) | 7 (17.1%) | 25 (15.1%)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure (LPF)

  no effect, p = 1

  LPF (pChi= 1.0, OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.37; 2.95])

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure (LPF)

  Late parasitological failure (LPF) | 5 (12.2%) | 21 (12.9%)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Median fever clearance time

  no effect, p = 0.725

  The median fever clearance time in the fully compliant patients for group CQ compared with CQ-MB was 8.0 and 8.8 hours respectively (pWMW = 0.725)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Median parasite clearance time

  no effect, p = 0.14

  the median parasite clearance time was 91.3 and 86.4 hours respectively (pWMW = 0.140)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Severe haemolysis in G6PD deficient children given methylene blue

  no effect, n = 24

  There was no case of severe haemolysis within the group of 24 G6PD deficient children who received MB (one-sided exact 95% CI [0%, 11.73%])

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Treatment failure (clinical failure), per protocol

  n = 166

  73/166 (44.0%, 95% CI [36.3%; 51.9%]) in group CQ-MB (48 ETF, 25 LCF)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• Treatment failure (clinical failure), per protocol

  n = 41

  22/41 (53.7%, 95% CI [37.4%; 69.3%]) treatment failures in group CQ (15 ETF, 7 LCF)

  PMID:16179085 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance in septic shock following methylene blue administration, and vasopressor requirement, narratively reviewed with no meta-analysis performed

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: a review that discusses its trials without pooling them

  Methylene blue administration in patients with septic shock increases mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance while decreasing vasopressor requirements.

  PMID:17095500 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and vasopressor requirement in septic shock patients receiving methylene blue, narrative systematic review, no meta-analysis performed

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: a review that discusses its trials without pooling them

  Methylene blue administration in patients with septic shock increases mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance while decreasing vasopressor requirements.

  PMID:17095500 · one of two readings recorded this

• In vivo sentinel node counts versus injected dose

  increases, p = 0.0231, n = 12

  The in vivo nodal counts were dose-dependent (r = 0.67, and P = 0.0231)

  PMID:17245184 · one of two readings recorded this

• Node counts, in vivo range

  the in vivo node counts ranged from 0 to 1228 cps, while ex vivo counts ranged from 0 to 1516 cps

  PMID:17245184 · one of two readings recorded this

• Radioactivity at tumor injection site versus injected dose

  increases, p = 0.0002, n = 12

  Radioactivity at the tumor injection site [counts per second (cps) averaged over 10 seconds] ranged from 3346 to 47,300 cps and was highly dose-dependent (r = 0.90, P = 0.0002)

  PMID:17245184 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sentinel node detection

  n = 12

  Sentinel nodes were detected in 11 of 12 patients, with a low-dose 200 microCi patient being the single exception

  PMID:17245184 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sentinel nodes detected per patient

  n = 12

  The number of sentinel nodes detected per patient ranged from 0 to 3 (mean = 1.66 nodes/case)

  PMID:17245184 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACPR at D14, with PCR correction

  - with PCR-based correction | 53 (86.9%) | 58 (100.0%) | 61 (100.0%) | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 1.000

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACPR at D14, without PCR correction

  - without PCR-based correction | 49 (80.3%) | 58 (100.0%) | 60 (98.4%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.327

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACPR at D28, with PCR correction

  - with PCR-based correction | 38 (62.3%) | 55 (94.8%) | 50 (82.0%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.030

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACPR at D28, without PCR correction

  - without PCR-based correction | 17 (27.9%) | 46 (79.3%) | 40 (65.6%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.094

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Early treatment failure (ETF)

  no effect, p = 1

  ETF | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure at D14, with PCR correction

  p = 0.018

  - with PCR-based correction | 4 (6.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.018 | 0.047 | 0.042 | 1.000

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure at D14, without PCR correction

  p = 0.011

  - without PCR-based correction | 6 (9.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.052 | 0.327

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure at D28, with PCR correction

  p = 0.038

  - with PCR-based correction | 13 (21.3%) | 3 (5.2%) | 9 (14.8%) | 0.038 | 0.010 | 0.346 | 0.083

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late parasitological failure at D28, without PCR correction

  p = 0.043

  - without PCR-based correction | 24 (39.3%) | 11 (19.0%) | 16 (26.2%) | 0.043 | 0.015 | 0.123 | 0.344

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late treatment failure at D14, with PCR correction

  p = 0.018

  - with PCR-based correction | 4 (6.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.018 | 0.047 | 0.042 | 1.000

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late treatment failure at D14, without PCR correction

  p = 0.002

  - without PCR-based correction | 6 (9.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 1.000

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late treatment failure at D28, with PCR correction

  - with PCR-based correction | 10 (16.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.164

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Late treatment failure at D28, without PCR correction

  - without PCR-based correction | 20 (32.8%) | 1 (1.7%) | 5 (8.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.107

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Parasitaemia until day 2

  - until D2 | 7 (11.5%) | 37 (63.8%) | 13 (21.3%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.081 | <0.001

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Parasitaemia until day 3

  - until D3 | 1 (1.6%) | 10 (17.2%) | 3 (4.9%)

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• Re-infection with exclusively new genotypes during 28 days

  increases, p = 0.02

  exclusively new genotypes, i.e. re-infections, were more frequent with MB-AS (34.4%; 21/61) than with MB-AQ (15.5%; 9/58; p = 0.02) or AQ-AS (16.4%; 10/61; p = 0.02)

  PMID:18286187 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte carrier prevalence on follow-up days 2, 3, 7 and 14, thick blood film microscopy

  decreases, both MB-AS and MB-AQ significantly more effective than AS-AQ during follow-up; comparator AS-AQ is an active drug, MB given in combination with artesunate or amodiaquine

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  However, both MB-AS and MB-AQ were significantly more effective in this regard than AS-AQ during follow-up (Table 2).

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect, p = 0.168

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 9 (14.8% [7%; 26%]) | 7 (12.1% [4%; 20%]) | 15 (24.6% [14%; 37%]) | 0.168 | 0.790 | 0.255 | 0.100

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases, p = 0.035

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 0 [0%; 6%] | 0 [0%; 6%] | 4 (6.8% [2%; 16%]) | 0.035 | 0.119 | 0.110

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect, p = 0.35

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 4 (6.6% [2%; 16%]) | 7 (12.1% [5%; 23%]) | 9 (14.8% [7%; 26%]) | 0.350 | 0.355 | 0.240 | 0.790

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases, p = 0.002

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 2 (3.3%, [1%; 11%]) | 0 [0%; 6%] | 9 (14.8% [7%; 26%]) | 0.002 | 0.496 | 0.054 | 0.003

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 0 [0%; 6%] | 0 [0%; 6%] | 11 (18.0% [9%; 30%]) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect, p = 0.134

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 0 [0%; 34%] | 0 [0%; 41%] | 4 (26.7% [8%; 55%]) | 0.134 | 0.259 | 0.263

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect, p = 0.142

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 2 (22.2% [3%; 60%]) | 1 (14.3% [1%; 66%]) | 8 (53.3% [27%; 79%]) | 0.142 | 1.000 | 0.210 | 0.165

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases, p = 0.047

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 0 [0%; 34%] | 0 [0%; 41%] | 5 (33.3% [12%; 62%]) | 0.047 | 0.118 | 0.135

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases, p = 0.024

  - Prevalence (95% CI) | 0 [0%; 34%] | 0 [0%; 41%] | 6 (40.0% [16%; 68%]) | 0.024 | 0.052 | 0.121

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect

  - Prevalence | 0 [0%; 8%] | 0 [0%; 8%] | 0 [0%; 8%]

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  no effect, p = 0.079

  - Prevalence | 1 (2.0% [1%;11%]) | 0 [0%; 8%] | 4 (8.9% [2%; 21%]) | 0.079 | 1.000 | 0.186 | 0.117

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence

  decreases, p = 0.02

  - Prevalence | 0 [0%; 7%] | 0 [0%; 8%] | 4 (8.9% [2%; 21%]) | 0.020 | 0.049 | 0.117

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response

  PCR-corrected rates of adequate clinical and parasitological response at day 28 of follow-up were 62% for MB-AS, 82% for AS-AQ and 95% for MB-AQ

  PMID:19415120 · one of two readings recorded this

• acute confusional state / serotonin syndrome incidence in patients receiving methylene blue infusion while on serotonergic drugs, systematic review of case reports

  26 patients developed acute confusional state after MB infusion, 24 on an SRI and 1 on clomipramine, n = 26

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The review identified nine case reports and two retrospective reviews; 26 patients developed an acute confusional state after MB infusion; 24 of these patients were taking an SRI, and 1 was taking clomipramine.

  PMID:20484716 · one of two readings recorded this

• diagnostic odds ratio for dysplasia

  The meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 35.9-99.6%), specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 43.8-100%), and DOR of 17.544 (95% CI, 1.245-247.14)

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled sensitivity for dysplasia

  The meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 35.9-99.6%), specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 43.8-100%), and DOR of 17.544 (95% CI, 1.245-247.14)

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled sensitivity

  The other subgroup, which used indigo carmine dye spray, had overall higher sensitivity (0.930) and lower specificity (0.910)

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled sensitivity

  their pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.737 and 0.917, respectively

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled specificity for dysplasia

  The meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 35.9-99.6%), specificity of 91.3% (95% CI, 43.8-100%), and DOR of 17.544 (95% CI, 1.245-247.14)

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled specificity

  The other subgroup, which used indigo carmine dye spray, had overall higher sensitivity (0.930) and lower specificity (0.910)

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• pooled specificity

  their pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.737 and 0.917, respectively

  PMID:21073646 · one of two readings recorded this

• parathyroidectomy cure rate (successful excision of abnormal parathyroid gland) comparing methylene blue and no-methylene blue arms, pooled across observational studies

  increases, median cure rate 100% (methylene blue arm) vs 98% (no-methylene-blue arm)

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The median cure rates in the methylene blue and no-methylene blue arms were 100 and 98 per cent respectively.

  PMID:22961511 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of detected lymph nodes per patient

  increases, p = 0.001

  there were significantly more lymph nodes detected in group B than in group C (23.8 ± 6.9 vs 12.2 ± 3.2, P < 0.001)

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of detected lymph nodes per patient

  increases, p = 0.001

  The mean number of detected lymph nodes per patient was significantly higher in group A than in group C (26.8 ± 8.4 vs 12.2 ± 3.2, P < 0.001)

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of detected lymph nodes per patient

  no effect

  However, there was no significant difference between group A and group B

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of lymph nodes detected per patient in colorectal cancer specimens

  increases, 23.8 vs 12.2 lymph nodes per patient, group B vs group C, n = 60

  Not recorded as a finding: the compound was a reagent, not an exposure

  Similarly, there were significantly more lymph nodes detected in group B than in group C (23.8 ± 6.9 vs 12.2 ± 3.2, P < 0.001).

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of metastatic lymph nodes dissected

  no effect

  There were 50, 46 and 32 metastatic lymph nodes dissected in 13 patients of group A, 10 patients of group B and 11 patients of group C

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of metastatic lymph nodes dissected

  no effect

  There were 50, 46 and 32 metastatic lymph nodes dissected in 13 patients of group A, 10 patients of group B and 11 patients of group C

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of metastatic lymph nodes dissected

  no effect

  There were 50, 46 and 32 metastatic lymph nodes dissected in 13 patients of group A, 10 patients of group B and 11 patients of group C

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• patients with insufficient detected lymph nodes (< 12)

  n = 11

  Eleven of the 60 patients had insufficient number of detected lymph nodes (< 12)

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• total number of detected lymph nodes

  The total number of detected lymph nodes was 535, 476 and 223 in the three groups, respectively

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• total number of detected lymph nodes

  The total number of detected lymph nodes was 535, 476 and 223 in the three groups, respectively

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• total number of detected lymph nodes

  The total number of detected lymph nodes was 535, 476 and 223 in the three groups, respectively

  PMID:23155345 · one of two readings recorded this

• cardiac index

  no effect, p = 0.2

  Only two studies reported the values of cardiac index with a non-statistically significant improvement in the methylene blue group (mean difference = 0.76 L/min/m2; 95% CI, ? 0.32 to 1.84; P for effect = 0.2)

  PMID:23432501 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean arterial pressure 1 hour after study drug

  increases, p = 0.01

  Mean arterial pressure rose in patients receiving methylene blue (weighted mean difference = 6.93 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.67 to 12.18; P for effect = 0.01; P for heterogeneity = 0.17; I2 = 41%)

  PMID:23432501 · one of two readings recorded this

• mortality at longest follow-up

  no effect, p = 0.5

  The overall mortality rate was 16% (14/88) among methylene blue treated patients and 23% (20/86) in the control group (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.21 to 2.08; P for effect = 0.5)

  PMID:23432501 · one of two readings recorded this

• incidental contextual memory

  increases

  Methylene blue's enhancement of contextual memory was unrelated to initial or posttraining claustrophobic fear

  PMID:25018057 · one of two readings recorded this

• peak fear at 1-month follow-up (fear renewal)

  decreases

  participants displaying low end fear posttraining showed significantly less fear at the 1-month follow-up if they received methylene blue posttraining compared with placebo

  PMID:25018057 · one of two readings recorded this

• peak fear at 1-month follow-up (fear renewal)

  increases

  participants displaying moderate to high levels of posttraining fear tended to fare worse at the follow-up if they received methylene blue posttraining

  PMID:25018057 · one of two readings recorded this

• acute depressive-like behavior, cerebral edema, hippocampal inflammatory gene expression and microglial activation in mice after midline fluid percussion injury, intravenous MB versus vehicle

  decreases, development of acute depressive-like behavior attenuated at 7 d post injury

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Nonetheless, MB attenuated the development of acute depressive-like behavior at 7 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• acute depressive-like behavior

  decreases

  Nonetheless, MB attenuated the development of acute depressive-like behavior at 7 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• behavioral recovery

  increases

  Here we show that immediate MB infusion (intravenous; 15-30 minutes after TBI) reduced cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation, and improved behavioral recovery after midline fluid percussion injury in mice.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• body weight and motor coordination reductions

  no effect

  MB intervention did not prevent TBI-induced reductions in body weight or motor coordination 1-7 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• cerebral edema

  decreases

  Here we show that immediate MB infusion (intravenous; 15-30 minutes after TBI) reduced cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation, and improved behavioral recovery after midline fluid percussion injury in mice.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal edema and inflammatory gene expression

  decreases

  Specifically, TBI-associated edema and inflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus were significantly reduced by MB at 1 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal edema, microglial activation, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha gene expression in enriched microglia/macrophages, and depressive-like behavior in mice after midline fluid percussion injury; body weight and motor coordination

  decreases, MB attenuated TBI-induced inflammatory gene expression (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in enriched microglia/macrophages 1 d post injury

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Moreover, MB intervention attenuated TBI-induced inflammatory gene expression (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor α) in enriched microglia/macrophages 1 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• IL-1β mRNA in LPS-activated BV2 microglia

  decreases

  Cell culture experiments with lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia confirmed that MB treatment directly reduced IL-1β and increased IL-10 messenger ribonucleic acid in microglia.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• IL-10 mRNA in LPS-activated BV2 microglia

  increases

  Cell culture experiments with lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia confirmed that MB treatment directly reduced IL-1β and increased IL-10 messenger ribonucleic acid in microglia.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• inflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, TNFα) in enriched microglia/macrophages

  decreases

  Moreover, MB intervention attenuated TBI-induced inflammatory gene expression (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor α) in enriched microglia/macrophages 1 d post injury.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• microglial activation

  decreases

  Here we show that immediate MB infusion (intravenous; 15-30 minutes after TBI) reduced cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation, and improved behavioral recovery after midline fluid percussion injury in mice.

  PMID:25070744 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of harvested lymph nodes and harvested lymph nodes per minute after gastrectomy

  increases, 33.6 vs 43.4 harvested lymph nodes, p = 0.005, n = 60

  Not recorded as a finding: the compound was a reagent, not an exposure

  The number of harvested LNs (mean±SD) was 33.6±11.9 in the conventional arm and 43.4±13.9 in the methylene blue arm (P=0.005).

  PMID:25356528 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of harvested lymph nodes

  The number of harvested LNs (mean±SD) was 33.6±11.9 in the conventional arm and 43.4±13.9 in the methylene blue arm (P=0.005)

  PMID:25356528 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of harvested lymph nodes

  increases, p = 0.005

  The number of harvested LNs (mean±SD) was 33.6±11.9 in the conventional arm and 43.4±13.9 in the methylene blue arm (P=0.005)

  PMID:25356528 · one of two readings recorded this

• ratio of harvested lymph nodes per time

  The ratio of the number of the harvested LNs per time was 1.12±0.46 LNs/min in the conventional arm and 1.49±0.59 LNs/min in the methylene blue arm (P=0.010)

  PMID:25356528 · one of two readings recorded this

• ratio of harvested lymph nodes per time

  increases, p = 0.01

  The ratio of the number of the harvested LNs per time was 1.12±0.46 LNs/min in the conventional arm and 1.49±0.59 LNs/min in the methylene blue arm (P=0.010)

  PMID:25356528 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean arterial pressure

  increases, n = 30

  The MAP was significantly higher in the methylene blue-treated group starting 25 min after the amlodipine infusion (95% CI, 2–30)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• heart rate by PowerLab recording, rats with amlodipine-induced shock

  increases, significantly higher in the methylene blue group from 25 min, 95% CI 30-113 min

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for heart rate

  Heart rate was significantly higher in the methylene blue-treated group starting 25 min after the start of the amlodipine infusion (95% CI, 30–113) which was analyzed up until 60 minutes as the majority of the subjects expired within an hour.

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• heart rate, continuous monitoring via Power Lab

  increases, significantly higher in the MB group starting 25 min after amlodipine infusion (95% CI, 30-113)

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for heart rate

  Heart rate was significantly higher in the methylene blue-treated group starting 25 min after the start of the amlodipine infusion (95% CI, 30–113) which was analyzed up until 60 minutes as the majority of the subjects expired within an hour.

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• heart rate

  increases, n = 30

  Heart rate was significantly higher in the methylene blue-treated group starting 25 min after the start of the amlodipine infusion (95% CI, 30–113)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• median survival time in minutes, Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for survival time within hours in a rat poisoning model

  The median survival time for the NS group was 42 min (95% CI, 28.1–55.9) and the methylene blue group was 109 min (95% CI, 93.9–124.1) Figure 1 shows the Kaplan–Meier analysis comparing survival times and mortality rates in the methylene blue and control groups.

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• median survival time

  n = 15

  the methylene blue group was 109 min (95% CI, 93.9–124.1)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• median survival time

  n = 15

  The median survival time for the NS group was 42 min (95% CI, 28.1–55.9)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• mortality, survival to 120 minutes in amlodipine-induced shock rats

  1/15 (7%) saline versus 5/15 (33%) MB survived to 120 minutes; difference -26%, 95% CI -54%, 0.3%, n = 30

  Not recorded as a finding: the only Results sentence gives proportions and a difference with an interval touching zero but states no direction or absence in words

  Overall, 1/15 (7%) rats in the saline-treated group survived to 120 minutes compared with 5/15 (33%) rats in the methylene blue-treated group (difference −26%, 95% CI –54%, 0.3%).

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• survival over time (log-rank)

  increases, p = 0.002, n = 30

  The log-rank test revealed a statistically significant difference between the survival rates over time (p = 0.002)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• survival to 120 minutes, proportion alive (primary outcome), rats with amlodipine-induced shock

  1/15 (7%) saline versus 5/15 (33%) methylene blue, difference -26%, 95% CI -54% to 0.3%

  Not recorded as a finding: all-cause-mortality node requires a stated follow-up horizon and the sentence carries no direction word; Results does not state significance of the proportion difference in words

  Overall, 1/15 (7%) rats in the saline-treated group survived to 120 minutes compared with 5/15 (33%) rats in the methylene blue-treated group (difference −26%, 95% CI –54%, 0.3%).

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• survival to 120 minutes

  unclear, n = 30

  Overall, 1/15 (7%) rats in the saline-treated group survived to 120 minutes compared with 5/15 (33%) rats in the methylene blue-treated group (difference −26%, 95% CI –54%, 0.3%)

  PMID:25441767 · one of two readings recorded this

• body weight

  decreases

  Both compounds led to weight reduction (Fig. and c)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• body weight

  decreases, p = 0.02

  During the period of treatment, there was dose-dependent weight reduction in the L66 MTC cohorts independent of genotype [see asterisks; dose effect: F(3,50)=3.9, P<0.02]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• core-tau fragments (12/14 kDa and dimer) from L66 tau aggregates after nuclease digestion

  decreases

  These were decreased in intensity or absent when MTC was included at 5 and 50 μmol/l (lanes 4 and 5)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of trials to criterion across three spatial problems in the water maze, RotaRod time on the accelerating rod and motor learning, and count of tau-reactive neurons, in Line 1 and Line 66 tau transgenic mice given oral methylthioninium chloride (MTC) or leucomethylthioninium (LMTX) versus vehicle

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  This impairment was reversed in mice receiving 45 mg/kg MTC (i.e. 35.1 mg MT/kg; Fig. 3d).

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor learning, L66 vs WT before treatment

  decreases, p = 0.001

  as was the interaction between both factors [F(11,759)=6.9, P<0.001]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor learning, L66 vs WT before treatment

  decreases, p = 0.001

  This was confirmed statistically by a reliable genotype×trial interaction [F(11,836)=5.5, P<0.001] and both main effects were also significant (F>5, P<0.05)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor learning (trial 12 minus trial 1)

  increases

  All doses of MTC produced full recovery of motor learning, as measured by the difference between trial 1 and trial 12

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor memory (pretreatment trial 1 vs post-treatment trial 1)

  increases

  There was a significant benefit of treatment with LMTX at 15 mg/kg, but not at any other dose

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor memory (pretreatment trial 1 vs post-treatment trial 1)

  no effect

  No drug effect was found in either WT or L66 mice

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  no effect

  Treatment with neither 15 nor 45 mg/kg LMTX had any effect on path length for either genotype (genotype effect: F<2)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  decreases, p = 0.01

  In WT mice, there was a significant main effect of drug [F(2,45)=5.8, P<0.01] because of an improvement in the group receiving 15 mg/kg MTC relative to vehicle [dose effect: F(1,30)=12.2, P<0.01]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  no effect

  However, the 45 mg/kg cohort did not differ from controls

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  no effect

  No drug effect was observed in the L1 cohorts

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  increases, p = 0.001

  Visible platform training revealed an impairment in L1 mice relative to WT mice for path length [F(1,156)=34, P<0.001 for vehicle cohorts]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• path length to platform (visible platform task)

  no effect

  WT and L1 mice on vehicle performed equally [genotype effect: F(1,27)=3.2, NS] in terms of mean path length to platform

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.001

  The difference with respect to vehicle was significant at all three doses [5 mg/kg: F(1,231)=20.23, P<0.001; 15 mg/kg: F(1,231)=21.28, P<0.001; 45 mg/kg: F(1,231)=5.28, P<0.025]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.025

  The difference with respect to vehicle was significant at all three doses [5 mg/kg: F(1,231)=20.23, P<0.001; 15 mg/kg: F(1,231)=21.28, P<0.001; 45 mg/kg: F(1,231)=5.28, P<0.025]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  no effect

  After 2 weeks of LMTX treatment, WT mice treated with LMTX at 45 mg/kg did not differ from vehicle controls

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.001

  The difference with respect to vehicle was significant at all three doses [5 mg/kg: F(1,231)=20.23, P<0.001; 15 mg/kg: F(1,231)=21.28, P<0.001; 45 mg/kg: F(1,231)=5.28, P<0.025]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.001

  There was evidence of an effect of treatment in L66 mice receiving any dose of LMTX [F(3,473)=7.11, P<0.001]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.005

  Doses of both 5 and 15 mg/kg produced significant benefit (dose effect: F>10, P<0.005), whereas 45 mg/kg did not

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  no effect

  Doses of both 5 and 15 mg/kg produced significant benefit (dose effect: F>10, P<0.005), whereas 45 mg/kg did not

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  no effect

  MTC administered at 45 mg/kg did not affect the performance of WT controls

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.005

  Doses of both 5 and 15 mg/kg produced significant benefit (dose effect: F>10, P<0.005), whereas 45 mg/kg did not

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance (post-treatment)

  increases, p = 0.01

  In contrast, there was a striking improvement in L66 mice receiving treatment compared with their vehicle controls [F(33,517)=4.1, P<0.01]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance vs brain MT concentration (LMTX, 5 and 15 mg/kg)

  increases, p = 0.002

  Total MT concentrations in the brain in animals dosed with 5 or 15 mg/kg were correlated with performance, as measured by the mean value for the 12 post-treatment trials (r=0.59, P<0.002; Fig. 7g)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• RotaRod performance vs brain MT concentration (MTC, 5 and 15 mg/kg)

  increases, p = 0.01

  The total MT concentrations in the brains of animals dosed with either 5 or 15 mg/kg were correlated with the mean performance on the RotaRod during post-treatment trials (r=0.5, P<0.01; Fig. 6g)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• swim speed (LMTX cohorts)

  no effect

  and these differences were not altered by pretreatment with LMTX (drug effect: F<2)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• swim speed (LMTX cohorts)

  increases, p = 0.001

  Faster swim speed was again observed in L1 mice compared with WT mice (genotype effect: F(1,156)=75, P<0.001 for vehicle)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• swim speed (MTC cohorts)

  no effect

  L1 mice swam faster than WT mice [F(1,27)=21, P<0.001], and drug dosing did not alter the velocity in either genotype

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• swim speed (MTC cohorts)

  increases, p = 0.001

  L1 mice swam faster than WT mice [F(1,27)=21, P<0.001], and drug dosing did not alter the velocity in either genotype

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-immunoreactive cells, mean across regions (L66)

  decreases

  There was a significant reduction in the number of tau-immunoreactive cells averaged across regions of interest

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, amygdala (L66)

  decreases

  The differences at the higher dose were significant in the entorhinal cortex, the amygdala and the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus or the auditory cortex

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, auditory cortex (L66)

  no effect

  The differences at the higher dose were significant in the entorhinal cortex, the amygdala and the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus or the auditory cortex

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, entorhinal cortex (L66)

  decreases

  The differences at the higher dose were significant in the entorhinal cortex, the amygdala and the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus or the auditory cortex

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, hippocampus (L66)

  no effect

  The differences at the higher dose were significant in the entorhinal cortex, the amygdala and the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus or the auditory cortex

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, mean across regions (L66)

  no effect, p = 0.065

  The effect of treatment with 15 mg/kg failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.065), but the effect was reliable at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, mean across regions (L66)

  decreases

  The effect of treatment with 15 mg/kg failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.065), but the effect was reliable at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive cells, visual cortex (L66)

  decreases

  The differences at the higher dose were significant in the entorhinal cortex, the amygdala and the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus or the auditory cortex

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, hippocampus (L1)

  decreases

  In the hippocampus, the effect was significant at both doses; no other region showed statistically significant effects

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, hippocampus (L1)

  decreases

  In the hippocampus, there were reductions at 15 and 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, hippocampus (L1)

  decreases

  In the hippocampus, there were reductions at 15 and 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  decreases

  Likewise, a significant reduction in the mean count of tau-positive cells averaged across regions of interest was seen in animals treated with LMTX at 15 mg/kg, but not at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  no effect

  Likewise, a significant reduction in the mean count of tau-positive cells averaged across regions of interest was seen in animals treated with LMTX at 15 mg/kg, but not at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  no effect

  This shows a significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons in mice treated with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, but not at 5 or 15 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  decreases

  This shows a significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons in mice treated with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, but not at 5 or 15 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  no effect

  This shows a significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons in mice treated with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, but not at 5 or 15 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• tau-positive neurons, mean across regions (L1)

  decreases

  This shows a significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons in mice treated with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, but not at 5 or 15 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion in a spatial problem-solving water maze, RotaRod time to fall and motor learning, and count of tau-reactive neurons by mAb 7/51 immunohistochemistry in two tau transgenic mouse lines given oral methylthioninium chloride (MTC) or leucomethylthioninium (LMTX) versus vehicle

  significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, not at 5 or 15 mg/kg

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  This shows a significant reduction in tau-reactive neurons in mice treated with MTC at 45 and 75 mg/kg, but not at 5 or 15 mg/kg.

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (LMTX)

  decreases

  Treatment with LMTX at a dose of 15 mg/kg (8.9 mg MT/kg) was sufficient to reverse spatial impairment and restore the performance to WT levels, and the same effects were also seen at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (LMTX)

  decreases

  Treatment with LMTX at a dose of 15 mg/kg (8.9 mg MT/kg) was sufficient to reverse spatial impairment and restore the performance to WT levels, and the same effects were also seen at 45 mg/kg

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (LMTX)

  modulates, p = 0.005

  Both genotype and drug effects were significant [F>3.9, P<0.02), as was the interaction between these factors [F(2,105)=5.5, P<0.005]

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (MTC)

  decreases

  This impairment was reversed in mice receiving 45 mg/kg MTC (i.e. 35.1 mg MT/kg; Fig. 3d)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (MTC)

  modulates, p = 0.05

  There was a significant genotype×drug interaction [F(2,27)=3.9, P<0.05] in L1 mice [F(2,14)=6.1; P<0.02] due to a significant dose effect but not in WT mice (F<1)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• trials to criterion, problem-solving water maze (MTC)

  decreases, p = 0.02

  There was a significant genotype×drug interaction [F(2,27)=3.9, P<0.05] in L1 mice [F(2,14)=6.1; P<0.02] due to a significant dose effect but not in WT mice (F<1)

  PMID:25769090 · one of two readings recorded this

• functional (behavioral) deficits

  decreases

  We found that delaying MB treatment 24 h postinjury still minimized lesion volume and functional deficits, compared to vehicle-treated animals.

  PMID:25961471 · one of two readings recorded this

• lesion volume by multi-modal MRI and behavioral deficits in rats after traumatic brain injury, delayed (24 h) MB versus vehicle and acute MB

  decreases, delayed MB minimized lesion volume and functional deficits compared to vehicle

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  We found that delaying MB treatment 24 h postinjury still minimized lesion volume and functional deficits, compared to vehicle-treated animals.

  PMID:25961471 · one of two readings recorded this

• lesion volume by multi-parametric MRI and behavioural functional deficits in rats after traumatic brain injury, MB given 24 h postinjury versus vehicle and acute MB

  decreases, lesion volume and functional deficits minimised versus vehicle-treated animals

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  We found that delaying MB treatment 24 h postinjury still minimized lesion volume and functional deficits, compared to vehicle-treated animals.

  PMID:25961471 · one of two readings recorded this

• lesion volume

  decreases

  We found that delaying MB treatment 24 h postinjury still minimized lesion volume and functional deficits, compared to vehicle-treated animals.

  PMID:25961471 · one of two readings recorded this

• Akt and mTOR pathway activation

  increases

  Akt and mTOR pathways were activated by MB treatment

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• ATP concentration after 24 h reoxygenation

  increases

  MB increases ATP after 24h reoxygenation in a dose dependent manner

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• cell viability after OGD/reoxygenation

  increases

  MB (100 nM) treatment at the time of reoxygenation was able to significantly rescue the cells from OGD/reoxygenation injury

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• endogenous pyruvate concentration

  increases

  This increased enzyme activity resulted in an increased endogenous pyruvate concentration

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• EPO protein content

  increases

  EPO was significantly increased with MB treatment

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

  increases

  MB-enhanced ATP concentration was consistent with increased activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (G6PDH)

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• glucose uptake (2-NBDG)

  increases

  MB (100 nM and 1 μM) increases glucose uptake in a dose dependent manner (25% and 50%, respectively) which was manifested with 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-D-glucose (2NBDG)

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• glucose uptake (2-NBDG)

  increases

  MB (100 nM and 1 μM) increases glucose uptake in a dose dependent manner (25% and 50%, respectively) which was manifested with 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-D-glucose (2NBDG)

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• hexokinase activity

  increases

  MB-enhanced ATP concentration was consistent with increased activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (G6PDH)

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HIF-1α nuclear accumulation

  increases

  HIF-1α accumulation was observed in the nucleus of both HT22 cells and primary neurons within 10 minutes of treatment with 1μM and 10μM MB, respectively

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HIF-1α nuclear accumulation

  increases

  HIF-1α accumulation was observed in the nucleus of both HT22 cells and primary neurons within 10 minutes of treatment with 1μM and 10μM MB, respectively

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HIF-1α protein content

  increases

  MB significantly increases HIF-1α protein content compared to both normoxic and OGD control groups

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HT22 cell death after OGD/reoxygenation

  Six hours of OGD and 24 h of reoxygenation killed about 45% of HT22 cells in the control group

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HT22 cell viability after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation, calcein AM assay

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for in vitro cell viability

  MB (100 nM) treatment at the time of reoxygenation was able to significantly rescue the cells from OGD/reoxygenation injury.

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• HT22 cell viability by calcein AM assay after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation, with ATP, glucose uptake, hexokinase and G-6-PDH activity, and HIF-1alpha, EPO, Akt, mTOR and PHD2 immunoblots

  increases, MB 100 nM significantly rescued cells from OGD/reoxygenation injury

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  MB (100 nM) treatment at the time of reoxygenation was able to significantly rescue the cells from OGD/reoxygenation injury.

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• intracellular O2 concentration

  increases

  MB increases intracellular O2 concentration, which provides a favorable condition for aerobic glucose metabolism

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• MB-induced protection against OGD-reoxygenation with mTOR phosphorylation inhibited

  decreases

  KU-63794 dampened MB-induced protection against OGD-reoxygenation stress

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• MB neuroprotection against OGD-reoxygenation with HIF-1α translocation blocked

  decreases

  2-MeOE2 treatment significantly abolished MB's neuroprotection against OGD-reoxygenation

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• nuclear/cytoplasmic HIF-1α ratio

  increases

  Additionally, the nuclear/cytoplasmic HIF-1α ratio was significantly increased in the MB treated group vs. both normoxic and OGD/reoxygenation controls

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• PHD2 content (whole cell extract)

  decreases

  MB lowered PHD2 content in the whole cell extract compared to the both normoxic and OGD control group

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• PIP5K protein content

  increases

  Immunoblot assay shows that MB increased PIP5K which is known to function in glucose uptake by stimulating endocytosis of glucose

  PMID:26047733 · one of two readings recorded this

• Barnes maze escape latency and probe-trial time in target quadrant, rats after global cerebral ischemia

  decreases, MB-treated animals showed significantly decreased escape latencies on the last training trial

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for rodent spatial learning and memory on the Barnes maze; arm-label sentence

  By contrast, MB-treated animals showed significantly decreased escape latencies to find the escape box on the last training trials.

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• Barnes maze escape latency, rat spatial learning and memory

  decreases, MB-treated animals showed significantly decreased escape latencies on the last training trial

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for rodent Barnes maze latency

  By contrast, MB-treated animals showed significantly decreased escape latencies to find the escape box on the last training trials.

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• CA1 neuronal loss (NeuN staining)

  decreases

  Histological evaluation by NeuN staining revealed that transient GCI induced a selective neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region of ischemic control rats compared with sham operated animals

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• caspase-3 activity

  increases

  As shown in Fig. 4A, 2-day of I/R evoked a 3-fold increase in caspase-3 activity

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• caspase-3 activity

  decreases

  Importantly, the increased caspase-3 protease activity was dramatically prevented in MB-treated animals

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• caspase-8 activity

  decreases

  Furthermore, caspase-9 and caspase-8 activities were also highly induced following 2-day ischemic reperfusion, and were effectively reduced by MB treatment

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

• caspase-9 activity

  decreases

  Furthermore, caspase-9 and caspase-8 activities were also highly induced following 2-day ischemic reperfusion, and were effectively reduced by MB treatment

  PMID:26433378 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 669 rows