What the evidence says
How to read these marks1 finding · 1 endpoint · 1 paper · by evidence strength
What moved
1 finding
Decreases all-cause mortality
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Bed nets were associated with a 17% reduction in all-cause mortality for children aged 6–59 months.”
Quoted verbatim from Spatial Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Bed Nets on Child Mortality: 26 Years on, a Spatial Reanalysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Population
- Children aged 6-59 months in 96 geographically contiguous clusters, Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana; spatial reanalysis of a 1993-1995 cluster randomised trial of permethrin-impregnated bed nets (48 clusters) against control clusters
Spatial Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Bed Nets on Child Mortality: 26 Years on, a Spatial Reanalysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial.2019PMID:31595867Permalink
Papers screened
132 papers
- Compound
- permethrin
- Screened
- 132
- Admitted
- 1
- Discarded
- 25
- Not read
- 106
Produced a finding1 paper
- PMID:315958672026-10-05
Discarded: the wrong intervention9 papers
- PMID:28454576no claim extracted — combination_exposure2026-10-05
- NCT00927472intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT00963508intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT01454414intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT01514513intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT02094716intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT02978508intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT03178942intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
- NCT05565820intervention×1 — no declared intervention names permethrin2026-09-30
Discarded: another reason, stated per paper6 papers
- PMID:31791332no claim extracted — cause not determined (one pass only) — measured: insecticidal net bioefficacy, mosquito 24 h mortality in WHO cone bioassay; net functional survivorship and proportionate Hole Index2026-10-05
- PMID:34930459no claim extracted — cause not determined (one pass only) — measured: insecticidal net bioefficacy, mosquito 24 h mortality and 1 h knockdown in WHO cone bioassay; net physical durability by proportionate Hole Index2026-10-05
- PMID:35197060no claim extracted — cause not determined (one pass only) — measured: adverse cutaneous reaction (rash) incidence to permethrin-treated cloth, events per 100 person-weeks; incident malaria RDT positivity in children2026-10-05
- NCT02213055design×1 — allocation NON_RANDOMIZED -- not randomised2026-09-30
- NCT02333799design×1 — allocation NA -- not randomised2026-09-30
- NCT03236168design×1 — allocation NA -- not randomised2026-09-30
Discarded: no comparator4 papers
- PMID:29608022no claim extracted — comparator_not_absence2026-10-05
- PMID:41494769no claim extracted — comparator_not_absence2026-10-05
- PMID:42098632no claim extracted — comparator_not_absence2026-10-05
- PMID:42365388no claim extracted — comparator_not_absence2026-10-05
Discarded: an endpoint this vocabulary does not hold3 papers
- PMID:28103255no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: incident dengue infection by paired-serum IgG seroconversion, proportion of pupils over one school term | incident dengue infection by paired-serum IgG seroconversion, ELISA, over a 5-month school term2026-10-05
- PMID:33619917no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: tick bite incidence, self-reported on follow-up questionnaire, overall and by body site | self-reported tick bite incidence over 5 months, questionnaire, overall and by body site2026-10-05
- PMID:40991921no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: clinical malaria incidence in children, fever plus positive malaria RDT, incidence rate per 100 person-weeks2026-10-05
Discarded: no extractable result3 papers
- NCT00545168declared_contrast×2 — no posted analysis compares a permethrin arm with a placebo/no-intervention arm and carries a p-value (A/B - NatrOVA 1% - With/Without Nit Combing=unmatched, C - NIX=ACTIVE_COMPARATOR+subject)2026-09-30
- NCT02775617declared_contrast×3 — no posted analysis compares a permethrin arm with a placebo/no-intervention arm and carries a p-value (Parallel Treatment=OTHER+subject, Sequential Treatment=OTHER+subject)2026-09-30
- NCT00545753declared_contrast×2 — no posted analysis compares a permethrin arm with a placebo/no-intervention arm and carries a p-value (A - NatrOVA 1% - No Nit Combing Required=unmatched, B - NatrOVA 1% - Nit Combing Required=EXPERIMENTAL, C - NIX Applied Per Over the Counter (OTC) Instructions=unmatched)2026-09-30
Not read yet106 papers
- PMID:157319872026-09-29
- PMID:16731752026-09-29
- PMID:187181852026-09-29
- PMID:190797202026-09-29
- PMID:213006772026-09-29
- PMID:226270392026-09-29
- PMID:243439732026-09-29
- PMID:302928842026-09-29
- PMID:311159652026-09-29
- PMID:311696112026-09-29
- PMID:351763102026-09-29
- PMID:361936432026-09-29
and 94 more.
Measured, not recorded
- Compound
- permethrin
- Endpoints measured
- 444 endpoints
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
24 h mortality of Aedes aegypti on impregnated uniforms with repeated washing
decreases
Knock-down decreased at an approximately linear rate of 4.7% per week, mortality at 4.4% per week
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Absenteeism for at least 2 days due to febrile illness
no effect
ranged from an average of 1.4% (SD = 1.17%) over the school term
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Aedes aegypti caught inside classrooms (back-transformed mean of ln(n+1))
decreases
back-transformed mean of ln(n+1) transform in control schools 4.9, in intervention schools 1.4; ratio = 3.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Aedes aegypti caught inside classrooms (back-transformed mean of ln(n+1))
no effect
control 4.0, intervention 3.8; ratio = 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.7
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Baseline dengue IgG seropositivity
n = 1655
The IgG baseline dengue seropositivity rate was 53.0% (878/1,655)
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Baseline positive dengue IgG
n = 641
All controls | 1017 | 679 | 66.8 | 9.73 | 50.8 | 641 | 339 | 52.9 | 24 | 3.7
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Baseline positive dengue IgG
n = 1014
All interventions | 1297 | 1132 | 87.3 | 10.51 | 49.3 | 1014 | 539 | 53.2 | 33 | 3.3
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
incident laboratory-confirmed dengue infection over one 5-month school term (seroconversion on paired dengue IgG ELISA, plus MAb-ELISA for baseline-positive pupils); also Aedes aegypti counts in classrooms, school absenteeism, WHOPES cone-test knock-down and mortality after washing; permethrin-impregnated versus untreated school uniforms, cluster randomised
no effect, p = 0.89, n = 1655
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
For our primary outcome, there was no significant difference in proportions of students having incident dengue infections between the intervention and control schools, with adjustment for clustering by school (χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.89).
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Knock-down of Aedes aegypti on impregnated uniforms with repeated washing
decreases
Knock-down decreased at an approximately linear rate of 4.7% per week, mortality at 4.4% per week
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 1655
Overall | 2314 | 1811 | 78.3 | 10.13 | 49.9 | 1655 | 878 | 53.1 | 57 | 3.4
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 641
All controls | 1017 | 679 | 66.8 | 9.73 | 50.8 | 641 | 339 | 52.9 | 24 | 3.7
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 1014
All interventions | 1297 | 1132 | 87.3 | 10.51 | 49.3 | 1014 | 539 | 53.2 | 33 | 3.3
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 152
A | control | 240 | 170 | 70.8 | 11.59 | 54.7 | 152 | 91 | 59.9 | 15 | 9.9
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 285
B | 370 | 294 | 79.5 | 9.14 | 51.7 | 285 | 150 | 52.6 | 3 | 1.1
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 68
C | 169 | 75 | 44.4 | 9.73 | 38.7 | 68 | 31 | 45.6 | 6 | 8.8
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 26
D | 44 | 28 | 63.6 | 9.50 | 46.4 | 26 | 8 | 30.8 | 0 | 0
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 110
E | 194 | 112 | 57.7 | 9.57 | 51.8 | 110 | 59 | 53.6 | 0 | 0
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 262
F | intervention | 345 | 325 | 94.2 | 10.81 | 48.6 | 262 | 125 | 47.7 | 5 | 1.9
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 167
G | 214 | 170 | 79.4 | 9.50 | 44.7 | 167 | 70 | 41.9 | 8 | 4.8
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 224
H | 274 | 234 | 85.4 | 10.76 | 53.0 | 224 | 137 | 61.2 | 9 | 4.0
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 346
I | 416 | 358 | 86.1 | 10.55 | 49.2 | 346 | 203 | 58.7 | 11 | 3.2
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during study period
n = 15
J | 48 | 45 | 93.8 | 8.79 | 53.3 | 15 | 4 | 26.7 | 0 | 0
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
laboratory-confirmed incident dengue infection over one school term, paired finger-prick sera by dengue IgG ELISA and MAb-ELISA (primary)
no effect, chi2 = 0.02, p = 0.89
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
For our primary outcome, there was no significant difference in proportions of students having incident dengue infections between the intervention and control schools, with adjustment for clustering by school (χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.89).
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed new dengue infections during school term
n = 1655
In the control schools, 24/641 (3.7%) and in the intervention schools 33/1,014 (3.3%) students had evidence of new dengue infection
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Laboratory-confirmed new dengue infections during school term
no effect, p = 0.89
with adjustment for clustering by school (χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.89)
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
School absenteeism (any reason)
no effect
ranged from an average of 23.0% (SD = 15.9%) over the school term, with a range of 9.6% to 49.9% in the treatment schools and 0.9% to 32.0% in the control schools
PMID:28103255 · one of two readings recorded this
Change in mean pruritus severity across time points
no effect, p = 0.112
Although the mean severity of pruritus (Table 4) decreased during the trial, this change did not attain statistical significance (P = 0.112)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
n = 15
Group A (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 10 (71.4) | 6 (42.9) | 10 (71.4) | 10 (71.4)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
increases, n = 15
Group A (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 10 (71.4) | 6 (42.9) | 10 (71.4) | 10 (71.4)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
increases, n = 15
Group A (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 10 (71.4) | 6 (42.9) | 10 (71.4) | 10 (71.4)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
increases, n = 15
Group A (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 10 (71.4) | 6 (42.9) | 10 (71.4) | 10 (71.4)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
increases, n = 15
Group A (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 10 (71.4) | 6 (42.9) | 10 (71.4) | 10 (71.4)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Dogs with zero flea counts
no effect, n = 15
Group B (n = 15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (arithmetic mean) per dog
n = 30
Arithmetic mean | 31.5 | 29.3 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 7.4 | 34.4 | 2.3 | 32.4 | 4.7 | 28.1
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (arithmetic mean) per dog
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 31.5 | 29.3 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 7.4 | 34.4 | 2.3 | 32.4 | 4.7 | 28.1
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (arithmetic mean) per dog
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 31.5 | 29.3 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 7.4 | 34.4 | 2.3 | 32.4 | 4.7 | 28.1
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (arithmetic mean) per dog
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 31.5 | 29.3 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 7.4 | 34.4 | 2.3 | 32.4 | 4.7 | 28.1
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (arithmetic mean) per dog
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 31.5 | 29.3 | 3.1 | 30.7 | 7.4 | 34.4 | 2.3 | 32.4 | 4.7 | 28.1
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (geometric mean) per dog
n = 30
Geometric mean | 29.6 | 28.3 | 0.8 | 29.4 | 1.3 | 32.7 | 0.7 | 31.5 | 1.0 | 26.9
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (geometric mean) per dog
decreases
Geometric mean | 29.6 | 28.3 | 0.8 | 29.4 | 1.3 | 32.7 | 0.7 | 31.5 | 1.0 | 26.9
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (geometric mean) per dog
decreases
Geometric mean | 29.6 | 28.3 | 0.8 | 29.4 | 1.3 | 32.7 | 0.7 | 31.5 | 1.0 | 26.9
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (geometric mean) per dog
decreases
Geometric mean | 29.6 | 28.3 | 0.8 | 29.4 | 1.3 | 32.7 | 0.7 | 31.5 | 1.0 | 26.9
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (geometric mean) per dog
decreases
Geometric mean | 29.6 | 28.3 | 0.8 | 29.4 | 1.3 | 32.7 | 0.7 | 31.5 | 1.0 | 26.9
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (median) per dog
n = 30
Median | 29 | 28 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 28
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (median) per dog
decreases
Median | 29 | 28 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 28
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (median) per dog
decreases
Median | 29 | 28 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 28
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (median) per dog
decreases
Median | 29 | 28 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 28
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea count (median) per dog
decreases
Median | 29 | 28 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 28
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea counts across five time points, Group A dogs
decreases, p = 0.001
In group A dogs, flea counts were significantly different among the five time points of the trial (F = 38.155, P < 0.001)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea counts across five time points, Group B dogs
no effect, p = 0.108
no significant difference was found in flea counts of group B dogs among the five time points of the trial (P = 0.108)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea counts, days 14-84 vs day 0, Group A dogs
decreases, p = 0.001
they were significantly lower on days 14, 28, 56 and 84 compared to day 0 (Z < -3.234, P < 0.001 for all comparisons)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Flea counts, Group A vs Group B (t-test)
decreases, p = 0.001
flea counts were significantly lower in group A than in group B at days 14, 28, 56 and 84 (t < -5.64, P < 0.001 for all comparisons)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Fleas on sheep
no effect, n = 80
Unexpectedly, no clinical signs of flea infestation and no fleas per flea counting area were seen on the 80 sheep on day 0 and throughout the trial
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
People who had seen fleas on their body the week before
Three of them (37.5%) had seen fleas on their body the week before time 0 and this figure remained constant throughout the trial
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (arithmetic means)
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 89.8 | 78.6 | 92.9 | 83.3
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (arithmetic means)
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 89.8 | 78.6 | 92.9 | 83.3
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (arithmetic means)
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 89.8 | 78.6 | 92.9 | 83.3
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (arithmetic means)
decreases
Arithmetic mean | 89.8 | 78.6 | 92.9 | 83.3
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (geometric means)
decreases
Geometric mean | 97.1 | 96.1 | 97.8 | 96.6
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (geometric means)
decreases
Geometric mean | 97.1 | 96.1 | 97.8 | 96.6
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (geometric means)
decreases
Geometric mean | 97.1 | 96.1 | 97.8 | 96.6
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percent efficacy (geometric means)
decreases
Geometric mean | 97.1 | 96.1 | 97.8 | 96.6
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percentage of dogs with zero flea counts, Group A vs Group B
increases, p = 0.001
at days 14 (P < 0.001, CI: 0.125–0.654)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percentage of dogs with zero flea counts, Group A vs Group B
increases, p = 0.006
28 (P = 0.006, CI: 0.363–0.899)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percentage of dogs with zero flea counts, Group A vs Group B
increases, p = 0.001
56 (P < 0.001, CI: 0.125–0.654)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Percentage of dogs with zero flea counts, Group A vs Group B
increases, p = 0.001
84 (P < 0.001, CI: 0.125–0.654)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Pruritus severity (10 cm VAS), people in contact with dogs
n = 8
Mean | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Pruritus severity (10 cm VAS), people in contact with dogs
decreases, n = 8
Mean | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Pruritus severity (10 cm VAS), people in contact with dogs
decreases, n = 8
Mean | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Pruritus severity (10 cm VAS), people in contact with dogs
decreases, n = 8
Mean | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Pruritus severity (10 cm VAS), people in contact with dogs
decreases, n = 8
Mean | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.01
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 79
Ctenocephalides canis | 70/79 (88.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 16/24 (66.7%) | 11/16 (68.8%) | 16/20 (80.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 17
Ctenocephalides canis | 70/79 (88.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 16/24 (66.7%) | 11/16 (68.8%) | 16/20 (80.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 24
Ctenocephalides canis | 70/79 (88.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 16/24 (66.7%) | 11/16 (68.8%) | 16/20 (80.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 16
Ctenocephalides canis | 70/79 (88.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 16/24 (66.7%) | 11/16 (68.8%) | 16/20 (80.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 20
Ctenocephalides canis | 70/79 (88.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 16/24 (66.7%) | 11/16 (68.8%) | 16/20 (80.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides canis | 63/73 (86.3%) | 65/73 (89.0%) | 67/73 (91.8%) | 70/73 (95.9%) | 60/68 (88.2%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides canis | 63/73 (86.3%) | 65/73 (89.0%) | 67/73 (91.8%) | 70/73 (95.9%) | 60/68 (88.2%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides canis | 63/73 (86.3%) | 65/73 (89.0%) | 67/73 (91.8%) | 70/73 (95.9%) | 60/68 (88.2%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides canis | 63/73 (86.3%) | 65/73 (89.0%) | 67/73 (91.8%) | 70/73 (95.9%) | 60/68 (88.2%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides canis
n = 68
Ctenocephalides canis | 63/73 (86.3%) | 65/73 (89.0%) | 67/73 (91.8%) | 70/73 (95.9%) | 60/68 (88.2%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 79
Ctenocephalides felis | 9/79 (11.4%) | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 4/20 (20.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 17
Ctenocephalides felis | 9/79 (11.4%) | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 4/20 (20.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 24
Ctenocephalides felis | 9/79 (11.4%) | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 4/20 (20.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 16
Ctenocephalides felis | 9/79 (11.4%) | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 4/20 (20.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 20
Ctenocephalides felis | 9/79 (11.4%) | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 4/20 (20.0%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides felis | 10/73 (13.7%) | 8/73 (11.0%) | 6/73 (8.2%) | 3/73 (4.1%) | 8/68 (11.8%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides felis | 10/73 (13.7%) | 8/73 (11.0%) | 6/73 (8.2%) | 3/73 (4.1%) | 8/68 (11.8%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides felis | 10/73 (13.7%) | 8/73 (11.0%) | 6/73 (8.2%) | 3/73 (4.1%) | 8/68 (11.8%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 73
Ctenocephalides felis | 10/73 (13.7%) | 8/73 (11.0%) | 6/73 (8.2%) | 3/73 (4.1%) | 8/68 (11.8%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
Relative abundance of Ctenocephalides felis
n = 68
Ctenocephalides felis | 10/73 (13.7%) | 8/73 (11.0%) | 6/73 (8.2%) | 3/73 (4.1%) | 8/68 (11.8%)
PMID:28454576 · one of two readings recorded this
at least one adverse event, eight-week evaluation
In the ivermectin group, three out of 40 participants experienced at least one adverse event, while none of the 45 analysed participants in the permethrin group experienced an event
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
at least one adverse event, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 200
RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.93; 200 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
at least one adverse event, four-week follow-up
no effect
We found low-certainty evidence that ivermectin may lead to a slightly larger proportion of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.35 to 4.83
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
at least one adverse event, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 201
RR 5.05, 95% CI 0.25 to 103.87; 201 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
at least one adverse event, two-week follow-up
no effect, n = 100
found no difference between groups in number of participants with at least one adverse event (RR 5.00, 95% CI 0.25 to 101.58; 100 participants)
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 210
RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08; 210 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 581
the combined estimates showed no differences between the groups (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.03; 581 participants, 5 trials
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 272
RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.03; 272 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 80
RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.16; 80 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect
RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.14
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 80
no difference could be found based on the results reported by Sharma 2011 (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.14; 80 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up, absolute difference
decreases
This translates to 229 fewer patients per 1000 achieving complete clearance in the ivermectin group (from 144 fewer to 301 fewer; Table 1)
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
69.3% of participants treated with ivermectin 1% lotion and 74.8% of participants treated with permethrin 5% cream achieved
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
decreases
The pooled estimate shows that permethrin may be slightly more effective than ivermectin (risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.78
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
no effect, n = 120
week one: RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.17;: subgroup 1; week two: RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.29;: subgroup 1; 120 participants each
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
no effect, n = 62
RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.08; 62 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
after one week of treatment 74.8% of participants treated with permethrin and 30.0% of participants treated with ivermectin achieved complete clearance
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, one-week follow-up
decreases
After one week, permethrin may have lead to slightly more participants with complete clearance (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.03
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
100.0% of the participants treated with ivermectin 1% lotion achieved
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
no effect, n = 459
The combined effect estimate of the remaining five studies showed no difference between the treatment groups (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.08; 459 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
no effect, n = 120
week one: RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.17;: subgroup 1; week two: RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.29;: subgroup 1; 120 participants each
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
no effect, n = 62
RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.06; 62 participants
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
99.0% of the participants treated with permethrin 5% cream were cleared
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
99.0% of participants treated with permethrin and 63.0% of participants treated with ivermectin achieved complete clearance after two weeks
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete clearance, two-week follow-up
no effect
After two weeks, no difference was found (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.17
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete improvement based on lesions, one-week follow-up
decreases, n = 120
A difference for complete improvement based on lesions alone was found in favour of permethrin (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.99; 120 participants)
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete improvement based on pruritus, one-week follow-up
no effect, n = 120
for complete improvement based on pruritus no difference was found (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.11; 120 participants)
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
complete improvement clinically, four-week follow-up
90.0% of participants treated with permethrin and 96.0% of participants treated with ivermectin achieved
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
participants re-treated
Four out of 32 participants in the topical ivermectin group and eight out of 30 participants in the systemic ivermectin group
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
withdrawals due to adverse events, four-week follow-up
no effect, n = 305
In three studies with 305 randomized participants (Usha 2000; Manjhi 2014; Wankhade 2016), no withdrawals due to adverse events occurred
PMID:29608022 · one of two readings recorded this
All-cause mortality in children aged 6-59 months
decreases
Bed nets were associated with a 17% reduction in all-cause mortality for children aged 6–59 months
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Clusters with intervention estimate greater than one (GWR)
n = 96
Of the 96 clusters in the trial, 37 (38.5%) had an intervention estimate greater than one and of these, 22 were control clusters
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Interaction of distance to discordant pair with bed net use
no effect, p = 0.214
There was no statistical evidence (P = 0.214) for effect modification between the distance to discordant pair and use of bed nets
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, BYM model with distance to discordant pair
decreases
BYM + discordant distance | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | yijk=α+βxi+uj +vj+dψk
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, BYM model
decreases
BYM | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | yijk=α+βxi+uj +vj | Besag, Yorke, and Mollie model
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, cluster reallocation
decreases
Controls cluster larger, mean (min, max) | – | 0.885 (0.855–0.916)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, cluster reallocation
decreases
Intervention clusters larger, mean (min, max) | – | 0.781 (0.742–0.827)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, cluster reallocation
decreases
Original cluster definition | – | 0.827
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, conditional autoregressive model
decreases
Conditional autoregressive model | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | yijk=α+βxi+vj | Conditional autoregressive model
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, Gaussian process model with distance to discordant pair
decreases
GPm + discordant distance | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | yijk=α+βxi+uj+vk+ψdk
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, Gaussian process model
decreases
GPm | 0.83 (0.70–0.97) | yijk=α+βxi+uj+vk | Gaussian process model fitted using stochastic partial differential equation approach
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, IID model with distance to discordant pair
decreases
IID + discordant distance | 0.82 (0.70–0.95) | yijk=α+βxi+uj+ψdk | Distance to discordant pair included in the model
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Intervention effect SMR, IID model
decreases
IID | 0.83 (0.71–0.98) | yijk=α+βxi+uj | Multilevel model with independent random effect for cluster
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Median distance to nearest discordant household
The median distance to the nearest discordant household was 618 m (interquartile range [IQR] 311–1,106 m)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality per additional 100 m distance to discordant pair
increases
Bootstrapped model (95% CI) | 1.014 (1.005 to 1.025)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality per additional 100 m distance to discordant pair
increases
Besag, Yorke, and Mollie model | 1.012 (1.004 to 1.020)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality per additional 100 m distance to discordant pair
increases
Gaussian process | 1.018 (1.005 to 1.029)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality per additional 100 m distance to discordant pair
increases
Distance to discordant pair (per 100 m) | IID | 1.017 (1.006 to 1.026)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality per additional 100 m distance to discordant pair
increases
for every additional 100 m that a control household was from an intervention household (and vice versa), the mortality increased by 1.7% (SMR 1.017, 95% CI: 1.006–1.026)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality SMR, 400 m or nearer vs further than 400 m
no effect
400 m or nearer | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality SMR, 400 m or nearer vs further than 400 m
decreases
400 m or nearer | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.95)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality SMR, no bed nets vs bed nets
no effect
No bed nets | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.40)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Mortality SMR, no bed nets vs bed nets
increases
No bed nets | 1.29 (1.05 to 1.57)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of intervention allocation, join count
no effect, p = 0.979
Join count—control | 10.105 | 0.979
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of intervention allocation, join count
no effect, p = 0.744
Join count—intervention | 11.282 | 0.744
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of SMR, Moran's I
increases, p = 0.001
Moran’s I—control | 0.396 | < 0.001
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of SMR, Moran's I
increases, p = 0.001
Moran’s I—entire study area | 0.237 | < 0.001
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of SMR, Moran's I
no effect, p = 0.176
Moran’s I—intervention | 0.095 | 0.176
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial correlation of SMR, Moran's I
increases, p = 0.0198
Moran’s I—residuals | 0.134 | 0.0198
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Spatial heterogeneity of intervention effect SMR, geographically weighted regression
decreases
Geographically weighted regression, median (interquartile range) | – | 0.94 (0.77–1.09)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
spatial spillover: child mortality (standardised mortality ratio) by distance of household to the nearest discordant-arm household, per 100 m
increases, SMR 1.017 per additional 100 m, 95% CI 1.006-1.026, p = 0.005
Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for a distance-gradient spillover effect on standardised mortality ratio; it is an effect modifier, not the randomised contrast
Distance to discordant pair was strongly associated with child mortality (P = 0.005); for every additional 100 m that a control household was from an intervention household (and vice versa), the mortality increased by 1.7% (SMR 1.017, 95% CI: 1.006–1.026).
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Standardized mortality ratio (all-cause mortality, children) by observed/expected deaths
n = 861
Over the course of the trial, there were 861 deaths, resulting in an SMR of 1.24
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Standardized mortality ratio, control vs intervention arm
decreases
The SMR in the control arm was 1.37 and was 0.25 units higher than that in the intervention arm (SMR 1.12)
PMID:31595867 · one of two readings recorded this
Egg hatch rate vs untreated control nets
decreases, p = 0.001
the eggs had a 60% lower hatch rate (p < 0.001)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Fecundity (eggs laid) vs untreated control nets
decreases, p = 0.007
which resulted in 47% fewer eggs laid (fecundity p = 0.007)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Functional survivorship at 3 years
only 13.1% of PPF-permethrin nets and 12.4% of LLINs found hanging in the compound they were originally distributed to, in acceptable or good condition after 3 years
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Functional survivorship at 3 years
no effect, p = 0.72
There was no difference between the survivorship of PPF-permethrin nets and LLINs at any point in the study (χ2 = 0.126, df = 1, p = 0.72)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone bioassay mortality at 24 months
Dramatically reduced levels of mortality were observed for both net types at the 24-month sampling point (PPF-permethrin 10.0% and LLIN 6.9%)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone bioassay mortality, PPF-permethrin vs LLIN across time points
increases, p = 0.006
the mean mortality for PPF-permethrin nets over time was 8.6% (CI 2.6%–14.6%) higher than for the LLINs (χ2 = 11.244, df = 1, p < 0.006)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 24
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 22
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 14
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 20
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 16
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 12
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 20
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 90.0% (18/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 57.14% (8/14) | 0% (0/20) | 25.0% (4/16) | 16.6% (2/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 24
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 22
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 17
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 14
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 16
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 20
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Kisumu cone test pass rate
n = 23
Cone test | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 76.47% (13/17) | 0% (0/14) | 37.5% (6/16) | 20.0%(4/20)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
LLIN permethrin content at 36 months vs immediately after distribution
no effect, p = 0.99
At the end of the study, at 36 months, the permethrin content of LLINs was similar to nets collected immediately after distribution (p = 0.99)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Mosquito fertility vs untreated control nets
no effect, p = 0.439
there was no difference between LLINs and controls (p = 0.439
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Mosquito fertility vs untreated control nets
decreases, p = 0.0001
One-month post-distribution fertility was 80% lower for mosquitoes exposed to PPF-permethrin nets compared to mosquitoes exposed to the control nets (p = 0.0001)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Mosquitoes surviving 24 h after blood feeding (resistant strain)
n = 10793
Of 10,793 pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes exposed to either net type, 56.3% (6078) survived 24 h after blood feeding and 3018 (49.7%) of the survivors laid eggs
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Net survivorship model: PPF-permethrin net vs LLIN
no effect, p = 0.72
PPF-permethrin net | 1.07 | 0.73–1.56 | 0.72
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Net survivorship model: rainy vs dry season
increases, p = 0.001
Rainy | 24.50 | 15.79–38.02 | < 0.001*
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Net survivorship model: survey number by rainy season interaction
decreases, p = 0.001
Survey No.: season (rainy) | 0.55 | 0.52–0.61 | < 0.001*
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Net survivorship model: survey number
decreases, p = 0.001
1 | 0.74 | 0.68–0.80 | < 0.001*
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Odds of a net having at least one hole, PPF-permethrin vs LLIN
increases, p = 0.001
the odds of a net having at least one hole was 47% higher overall for PPF-permethrin nets LLINs (χ2 = 15.77, df = 1, p < 0.001)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 24
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 22
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 14
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 20
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 16
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 12
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 20
LLIN | 100% (24/24) | 100% (20/20) | 72.7% (16/22) | 64.3% (8/14) | 5% (1/20) | 31.25% (5/16) | 58.33% (7/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 24
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 22
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 17
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 14
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 16
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 12
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall WHO bioefficacy pass rate (cone plus tunnel)
n = 23
Overalla | PPF-permethrin | 100% (24/24) | 100% (23/23) | 95.4% (21/22) | 82.35% (14/17) | 21.4% (3/14) | 56.25% (9/16) | 66.66% (8/12)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Oviposition (fewer mosquitoes laying eggs) vs untreated control nets
decreases, p = 0.01
The reduction in fertility in PPF-permethrin nets was due to 40% fewer mosquitoes laying eggs (oviposition p = 0.01)
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Peak proportion of torn nets
ranging from 0% at 1 month to its peak of 11% at 18 months post-distribution
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Permethrin content of net, nadir
decreases
Permethrin content of the LLINs fell from 18.9 g/kg (95% CI 18.6–19.4) to 14.3 g/kg (95% CI 13.3–15.2) and rose back to 18.6 g/kg (95% CI 17.2–19.9) at 36 months
PMID:31791332 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
1 paper
- Subject
- permethrin
- Findings
- 1
- Papers
- 1