sodium hydrogencarbonate

rating of perceived exertion

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: outcome node requires the Borg scale version (6-20 or CR10) recorded with each finding; the abstract names no scale

Ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between treatments.

PMID:17507744 · one of two readings recorded this

rating of perceived exertion

no effect

In conclusion, sodium bicarbonate improves judo-related performance and increases blood lactate concentration but has no effect on perceived exertion.

PMID:17507744 · one of two readings recorded this

blood lactate concentration, Protocol 1

increases, n = 9

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node in the list covers blood lactate concentration

Ingestion of bicarbonate increased lactate concentration in Protocol 1 (P < 0.05) but not in Protocol 2.

PMID:17507744 · one of two readings recorded this

blood lactate concentration, Protocol 2

no effect, n = 14

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node in the list covers blood lactate concentration

Ingestion of bicarbonate increased lactate concentration in Protocol 1 (P < 0.05) but not in Protocol 2.

PMID:17507744 · one of two readings recorded this

blood lactate concentration

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node in the list covers blood or plasma lactate concentration

Ingestion of bicarbonate increased lactate concentration in Protocol 1 (P < 0.05) but not in Protocol 2.

PMID:17507744 · one of two readings recorded this

hospital length of stay

no effect, p = 0.688

HLOS (WMD = 0.23 days; 95% CI = −0.88 to 1.33 days; P = 0.688; Figure 4)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

duration of ventilation

increases, p = 0.008

the duration of ventilation (WMD = 0.64 hours; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.11 hours; P = 0.008; Figure 6)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

hospital mortality

no effect, p = 0.572

hospital mortality (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.46 to 4.13; P = 0.572; Figure 5)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

ICU length of stay

increases, p = 0.008

ICU length of stay (WMD = 2.06 days; 95% CI = 0.54 to 3.58 days; P = 0.008; Figure 7)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of alkalemia after cardiac surgery

increases, RR 2.21; 95% CI 1.42 to 3.42, p = 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: no_outcome_node: no node for alkalemia incidence

However, SBIC was associated with significant increases in the duration of ventilation (WMD = 0.64 hours; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.11 hours; P = 0.008; Figure 6), ICU length of stay (WMD = 2.06 days; 95% CI = 0.54 to 3.58 days; P = 0.008; Figure 7), and incidence of alkalemia (RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.42; P < 0.001; Additional file 4).

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of alkalemia

increases, RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.42

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for alkalemia incidence

However, SBIC was associated with significant increases in the duration of ventilation (WMD = 0.64 hours; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.11 hours; P = 0.008; Figure 6), ICU length of stay (WMD = 2.06 days; 95% CI = 0.54 to 3.58 days; P = 0.008; Figure 7), and incidence of alkalemia (RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.42; P < 0.001; Additional file 4).

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of alkalemia

increases, p = 0.001

incidence of alkalemia (RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.42; P < 0.001; Additional file 4)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, serum creatinine rise over 25% or 0.5 mg/dl within 5 days (four trials) or AKIN (one trial)

no effect, RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.24, p = 0.911

Not recorded as a finding: endpoint_near_miss: acute-kidney-injury-incidence requires a single named criteria set and the pool mixes creatinine rules with AKIN

Analyzed with a random-effects model, the pooled estimate of the five RCTs suggested that SBIC was not associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of CSA-AKI (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.24; P = 0.911), with a moderate heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 56.1%, heterogeneity P = 0.059).

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury

no effect, p = 0.911, n = 1079

SBIC was not associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of CSA-AKI (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.24; P = 0.911)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI, crude pooled percentage

no effect

Overall, the incidence of the CSA-AKI was 44.4% and 42.3% in the SBIC and control groups, respectively

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.911, n = 1079

All included trials | 5 | 1,079 | 239/538 | 229/541 | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.24) | 0.911 | 56.1

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.637, n = 542

Elective or urgent surgery | 3 | 542 | 113/268 | 110/274 | 0.88 (0.53 to 1.48) | 0.637 | 77.9

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.628, n = 537

Elective surgery | 2 | 537 | 126/270 | 119/267 | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.26) | 0.628 | 0

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.824, n = 969

Full-text trials | 4 | 969 | 213/483 | 203/486 | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.29) | 0.824 | 66.8

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.867, n = 987

Large-scale trials (sample size >100) | 4 | 987 | 225/494 | 209/493 | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.31) | 0.867 | 61

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of CSA-AKI

no effect, p = 0.631, n = 552

Patients with pre-existing renal impairment or CKD | 3 | 552 | 123/273 | 110/279 | 1.08 (0.80 to 1.45) | 0.631 | 45.9

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

postoperative atrial fibrillation

no effect, p = 0.915

POAF (RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.61; P = 0.915; Additional file 3)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

renal replacement therapy incidence after cardiac surgery

no effect, RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.82, p = 0.861

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for renal replacement therapy incidence

Compared with placebo, SBIC did not alter the clinical outcomes of HLOS (WMD = 0.23 days; 95% CI = −0.88 to 1.33 days; P = 0.688; Figure 4), hospital mortality (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.46 to 4.13; P = 0.572; Figure 5), RRT (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.82; P = 0.861; Additional file 2), or POAF (RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.61; P = 0.915; Additional file 3).

PMID:25212718 · both readings recorded this

renal replacement therapy

no effect, p = 0.861

RRT (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.82; P = 0.861; Additional file 2)

PMID:25212718 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy event counts

decreases

CIN occurred in 158 of 2130 patients who received sodium bicarbonate compared with 217 of 2150 patients who received saline

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (rise in serum creatinine after contrast), intravenous sodium bicarbonate hydration versus saline hydration, in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency; also dialysis requirement and mortality

decreases, pooled OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.96, p = 0.027

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

The pooled OR was 0.67 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.96; p=0.027), also in favour of sodium bicarbonate.

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (rise in serum creatinine of 25% or 0.5 mg/dL after contrast), intravenous sodium bicarbonate versus saline hydration in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency; secondary: dialysis requirement, mortality

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

CIN occurred in 158 of 2130 patients who received sodium bicarbonate compared with 217 of 2150 patients who received saline, demonstrating a lower overall incidence of CIN in the sodium bicarbonate group.

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.027, n = 4280

The pooled OR was 0.67 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.96; p=0.027)

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.024, n = 219

Use | 1/219 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.79) | Z=2.26 (p=0.024) | Not applicable

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.004, n = 203

Bolus | 2/203 | 0.15 (0.04 to 0.54) | Z=2.90 (p=0.004) | χ²=0.23, df=1 (p=0.632), I²=0%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

no effect, p = 0.091, n = 4077

Continuous | 18/4077 | 0.75 (0.53 to 1.05) | Z=1.69 (p=0.091) | χ²=30.21, df=17 (p=0.025), I²=44%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

no effect, p = 0.105, n = 4162

Elective | 18/4162 | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.06) | Z=1.62 (p=0.105) | χ²=29.54, df=17 (p=0.030), I²=43%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.002, n = 118

Emergency | 2/118 | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.51) | Z=3.11 (p=0.002) | χ²=0.07, df=1 (p=0.784), I²=0%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

no effect, p = 0.351, n = 1189

Iso-osmolar | 4/1189 | 0.76 (0.43 to 1.34) | Z=0.93 (p=0.351) | χ²=4.67, df=3 (p=0.198), I²=36%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.024, n = 2823

Low-osmolar | 14/2823 | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.93) | Z=2.26 (p=0.024) | χ²=26.61, df=13 (p=0.014), I²=51%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

no effect, p = 0.071, n = 3741

Non-use | 18/3741 | 0.71 (0.48 to 1.03) | Z=1.80 (p=0.071) | χ²=33.13, df=17 (p=0.011), I²=49%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

no effect, p = 0.302, n = 3707

After 2008 | 16/3707 | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.16) | Z=1.03 (p=0.302) | χ²=22.13, df=15 (p=0.105), I²=32%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy

decreases, n = 573

Before 2008 | 4/573 | 0.19 (0.09 to 0.41) | Z=4.26 (p=0.000) | χ²=1.06, df=10 (p=0.788), I²=0%

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality event counts

no effect

There were 15 deaths in 1279 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate and 22 in 1280 patients treated with saline

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

no effect, p = 0.263, n = 2559

Although there was no significant difference between the two arms (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.32; p=0.263)

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

requirement for dialysis event counts

no effect

Overall, 14 of 1809 patients treated with sodium bicarbonate compared with 13 of 1824 patients treated with saline underwent dialysis

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

requirement for dialysis

no effect, p = 0.841, n = 3633

No statistically significant difference was observed (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.25; p=0.841)

PMID:25783425 · one of two readings recorded this

CIN risk meta-regression on contrast volume

no effect, p = 0.59

the contrast volume did not have a statistically significant effect on the risk of CIN (p= 0.59)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

CIN risk meta-regression on diabetes

increases, p = 0.034

a statistically significant relationship between diabetes and the risk of CIN was found (p= 0.034)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

decreases, p = 0.001, n = 5686

(RD= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.00; I2= 70%; p <0.001; Fig. 3)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

unclear, p = 0.001

for CIN, an RD of 0.05 was found with a 95% CI of -0.09 to 0.00 (I2=70%; p <0.001; Fig. 6)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

no effect, p = 0.001

the group that received SB experienced 120 events out of 1,526 (7.86%) vs. 166 events out of 1,563 (10.62%) in the 0.9% NSS group (RD= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.07 to 0.01; I2= 69%; p <0.001; Fig. 5)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

no effect, p = 0.001

117 events out of 1,148 (10.2%) occurred in the SB group vs. 133 events out of 1,149 (11.50%) in the 0.9% NSS group (RD= -0.01; 95% CI= -0.06 to 0.03; I2= 72%; p <0.001; Fig. 5)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

decreases, p = 0.001

the results favored the use of SB; however, heterogeneity was high (RD= -0.04; 95% CI= -0.08 to 0.00; I2= 77%; p <0.001; Fig. 4)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

no effect, p = 0.83

82 of 794 patients developed CIN in the SB group vs. 83 of 810 patients in the control group (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.02 to 0.03; p= 0.83; I2= 0%; Fig. 4)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

no effect, p = 0.001

In the studies in which NAC was not used, no difference was found (RD= -0.02; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.02; I2= 70%; p <0.001; Fig. 6)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced nephropathy event counts

decreases

among the patients using SB, 9.03% (255/2,824) developed CIN, and among the 0.9% NSS group, 11.67% (334/2,862) developed CIN

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (GFR fall over 25% or serum creatinine rise over 0.5 mg/dL), intravenous sodium bicarbonate versus 0.9% saline; also need for renal replacement therapy and mortality within 28 days

decreases, RD -0.03; 95% CI -0.05 to 0.00 (all studies; low-risk-of-bias subgroup RD 0.00)

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

The assessment of the primary outcome indicated that the risk of developing CIN was lower among similar group that received SB; however, high heterogeneity was observed among the studies (RD= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.00; I2= 70%; p <0.001; Fig. 3).

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

no effect, p = 0.95

this event was infrequent among the two groups (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.00 to 0.01; I2= 0%; p= 0.95)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

no effect, p = 0.51

no statistically significant reduction in risk was found, with an RD= -0.00 (95% CI= -0.001 to 0.001; I2= 0%; p= 0.51; Fig. 8)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

need for renal replacement therapy (RRT)

no effect, p = 1

such events were rare in all of the studies (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.00 to 0.00; I2= 0%; p= 1; Fig. 7)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

need for renal replacement therapy (RRT)

no effect, p = 0.99

Similar results were observed when RRT was assessed in the studies that had a good methodology, with an RD= 0.00 (95% CI= -0001 to 0.01; I2= 0%; p= 0.99; Fig. 7)

PMID:26600623 · one of two readings recorded this

change in estimated glomerular filtration rate

decreases, p = 0.013

and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (SMD -0.17 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.04, P = 0.013)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum creatinine

decreases, p = 0.011

decreasing the change in serum creatinine (SCr) (SMD -0.31 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.07, P = 0.011)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

contrast-induced acute kidney injury incidence after coronary angiography and/or PCI, sodium bicarbonate hydration versus sodium chloride hydration; also change in serum creatinine, eGFR, dialysis, mortality, length of hospital stay

decreases, RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.96, p = 0.029

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate showed significant beneficial effects in preventing CI-AKI (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96, P = 0.029), decreasing the change in serum creatinine (SCr) (SMD -0.31 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.07, P = 0.011) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (SMD -0.17 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.04, P = 0.013).

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after coronary angiography and/or PCI, sodium bicarbonate hydration versus sodium chloride hydration; also change in serum creatinine and eGFR, dialysis, mortality, length of hospital stay

decreases, RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96, p = 0.029

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate showed significant beneficial effects in preventing CI-AKI (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96, P = 0.029), decreasing the change in serum creatinine (SCr) (SMD -0.31 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.07, P = 0.011) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (SMD -0.17 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.04, P = 0.013).

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury

decreases, p = 0.029

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate showed significant beneficial effects in preventing CI-AKI (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96, P = 0.029)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

length of hospital stay

no effect, p = 0.279

reducing the length of hospital stay (LHS) (WMD -1.47; 95% CI: -4.14 to 1.20, P = 0.279)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

no effect, p = 0.204

mortality (RR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.41-1.21, P = 0.204)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

requirement for dialysis

no effect, p = 0.729

But no significant differences were observed in the requirement for dialysis (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 0.60-2.07, P = 0.729)

PMID:26886610 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality hazard at 1 year, time from randomization to death, periprocedural intravenous sodium bicarbonate versus intravenous sodium chloride in patients undergoing coronary angiography

decreases, HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.89, p = 0.011, n = 2764

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

In 10 trials with a total of 2,764 participants, sodium bicarbonate was associated with lower mortality hazard than sodium chloride at 1 year (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.89, p = 0.011).

PMID:27642111 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality hazard, time from randomization to death, up to 1 year, intravenous sodium bicarbonate versus intravenous sodium chloride periprocedural to coronary angiography

decreases, hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.89, p = 0.011, n = 2764

Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

In 10 trials with a total of 2,764 participants, sodium bicarbonate was associated with lower mortality hazard than sodium chloride at 1 year (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.89, p = 0.011).

PMID:27642111 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality hazard

decreases, p = 0.011, n = 2764

sodium bicarbonate was associated with lower mortality hazard than sodium chloride at 1 year (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.89, p = 0.011)

PMID:27642111 · one of two readings recorded this

incidence of contrast-associated nephropathy

decreases, p = 0.003

Although periprocedural sodium bicarbonate was associated with a reduction in the incidence of CAN (relative risk 0.75, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.91, p = 0.003)

PMID:27642111 · one of two readings recorded this

interaction between effect on mortality and occurrence of contrast-associated nephropathy

increases, p = 0.001

there exists a statistically significant interaction between the effect on mortality and the occurrence of CAN (hazard ratio 5.65, 95% CI 3.58 to 8.92, p <0.001)

PMID:27642111 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

decreases

Treatment with lipid-modifying drugs led to a 36% reduction in cardiovascular disease and 26% reduction in all-cause mortality

PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular disease

decreases

Treatment with lipid-modifying drugs led to a 36% reduction in cardiovascular disease and 26% reduction in all-cause mortality

PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this

final renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate)

no effect

For RCTs of antihypertensive drugs, there were no significant differences in renal function

PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this

final renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate)

increases

Final renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was 6% higher in those taking glycaemic control drugs (ROM 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10, I2=0%, low GRADE confidence)

PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this

final renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate)

increases

and 4% higher in those taking lipid-modifying drugs (ROM 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08, I2=88%, very low GRADE confidence)

PMID:31542753 · one of two readings recorded this

pH

increases, p = 0.001

improves pH (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.79, P < 0.001; I2 = 69%)

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

base excess (BE)

increases, p = 0.001

BE (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.19, P < 0.001, I2 = 77%)

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

increases, p = 0.001

HCO3- (SMD = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.17, P < 0.001; I2 = 80%)

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

blood lactate (BLa)

increases, p = 0.001

BLa (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.11, P < 0.001, I2 = 68%)

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

blood pH, bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), base excess, blood lactate, PCO2 during exercise, SMD pooled; and VO2, VCO2, PO2 (no difference)

increases, pH SMD = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.79; HCO3- SMD = 1.63; BE SMD = 1.67; BLa SMD = 0.72; PCO2 SMD = 0.51

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

The meta-analysis indicated that NaHCO3 ingestion improves pH (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.79, P < 0.001; I2 = 69%), HCO3- (SMD = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.17, P < 0.001; I2 = 80%), BE (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.19, P < 0.001, I2 = 77%), BLa (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.11, P < 0.001, I2 = 68%) and PCO2 (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.90, P = 0.009, I2 = 0%) but there were no differences between VO2, VCO2 and PO2 compared with the placebo condition.

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

carbon dioxide production (VCO2)

no effect

there were no differences between VO2, VCO2 and PO2 compared with the placebo condition

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

oxygen uptake (VO2)

no effect

there were no differences between VO2, VCO2 and PO2 compared with the placebo condition

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)

increases, p = 0.009

PCO2 (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.90, P = 0.009, I2 = 0%)

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

no effect

there were no differences between VO2, VCO2 and PO2 compared with the placebo condition

PMID:33546730 · one of two readings recorded this

antihypertensive medication use, change after sodium bicarbonate

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: no_outcome_node: no node for antihypertensive medication requirement

Similarly, there was no significant increase in the use of antihypertensive medication or diuretics in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate, whereas there was a greater decrease in antihypertensive medication use in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate compared with controls.

PMID:36758154 · one of two readings recorded this

decrease in antihypertensive medication use

decreases

whereas there was a greater decrease in antihypertensive medication use in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate compared with controls

PMID:36758154 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

no effect

Meta-analysis suggested that sodium bicarbonate did not influence systolic BP in individuals with CKD stage G1-5

PMID:36758154 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

no effect

Results were consistent when stratifying by dose of sodium bicarbonate or duration of intervention

PMID:36758154 · one of two readings recorded this

use of antihypertensive medication or diuretics

no effect

there was no significant increase in the use of antihypertensive medication or diuretics in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate

PMID:36758154 · one of two readings recorded this

duration of hospitalization

decreases, p = 0.0001

a significant reduction in the duration of hospitalization in alkalinization group compared to controls with very low certainty of evidence (SMD −0.66, 95% CI: −0.97 to −0.35; I2 = 36%; p <.0001; Figure 3)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

duration of recovery

no effect, p = 0.06

a nonsignificant reduction in recovery time in alkalinization group compared to controls with low certainty of evidence (SMD −1.18, 95% CI: −2.42-0.05; I2 = 97%; p =.06; Figure 3)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization rate

no effect, p = 0.3

no significant reduction in hospitalization rate in alkalinization group compared to controls with very low certainty of evidence (RR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.24-1.56; I2 = 80%; p =.30; Figure 2)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality rate, pooled RR across 2 RCTs and 2 cohorts of alkalinization versus controls in COVID-19; duration of hospitalization, SMD

decreases, p = 0.02

Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound

The results of our meta-analysis showed significant reduction in mortality rate in alkalinization group compared to controls (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95; I2 = 0%; p =.02; Figure 2).

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality rate, pooled RR across 2 RCTs and 2 cohorts of COVID-19 patients given alkalinization (sodium bicarbonate by nasal irrigation, inhalation or oral) versus standard of care or placebo; RCT-only subgroup not significant

decreases, p = 0.02

Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound

The results of our meta-analysis showed significant reduction in mortality rate in alkalinization group compared to controls (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95; I2 = 0%; p =.02; Figure 2).

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

decreases, p = 0.02

significant reduction in mortality rate in alkalinization group compared to controls (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95; I2 = 0%; p =.02; Figure 2)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

mortality

no effect

our subgroup analysis showed no significant improvement in RCT only studies (RR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.59-1.05

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

recovery rate

increases, p = 0.0005

a significant improvement in recovery rate in alkalinization group compared to controls with low certainty of evidence (RR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.39-3.26; I2 = 0%; p =.0005; Figure 2)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

recovery rate

no effect

our subgroup analysis showed no significant improvement in cohorts (RR 1.72, 95% CI: 0.97-3.06; I2 = 0%; Supplementary Figure 2)

PMID:38826036 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

no effect, no significant difference

Not recorded as a finding: Only sentence is agentless, names no compound and states no follow-up horizon, which the all-cause-mortality node requires

No significant difference in all-cause mortality was noted.

PMID:38980732 · both readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

no effect

No significant difference in all-cause mortality was noted

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

eGFR

increases, p = 0.03, n = 2037

Fourteen RCTs comprising 2037 patients demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate supplementation significantly improved eGFR (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 0.63; P = 0.03)

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

change in eGFR, SMD

increases, SMD 0.33; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.63, p = 0.03

Not recorded as a finding: instrument_not_stated: egfr node requires a stated estimating equation and the abstract names none

Fourteen RCTs comprising 2037 patients demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate supplementation significantly improved eGFR (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 0.63; P = 0.03).

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization rate (odds ratio), patients with CKD and metabolic acidosis

decreases, odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.55

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for all-cause hospitalization rate in CKD

The group receiving sodium bicarbonate had a lower hospitalization rate (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.55; P < 0.001).

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization rate, odds ratio

decreases, OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.55, p = 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: no_outcome_node: no node for all-cause hospitalisation rate in CKD

The group receiving sodium bicarbonate had a lower hospitalization rate (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.55; P < 0.001).

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization rate

decreases, p = 0.001

The group receiving sodium bicarbonate had a lower hospitalization rate (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.55; P < 0.001)

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

mid-arm muscle circumference, SMD

increases, SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.38, p = 0.003

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for mid-arm muscle circumference; not the lean-mass node's DXA or FFM construct

Higher mid-arm muscle circumference was observed with sodium bicarbonate treatment compared with those without (SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.38; P = 0.003, I2<0.001).

PMID:38980732 · both readings recorded this

mid-arm muscle circumference

increases, p = 0.003

Higher mid-arm muscle circumference was observed with sodium bicarbonate treatment compared with those without (SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.38; P = 0.003, I2<0.001)

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

increases, p = 0.03

However, higher risk of elevated systolic BP was found with sodium bicarbonate treatment (SMD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.20; P = 0.03)

PMID:38980732 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance, SMD pooled across fixed-distance time trials, time to exhaustion at fixed workloads, fixed-duration trial and graded exercise test

no effect, publication-bias adjusted SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.36, p = 0.06

Not recorded as a finding: Pooled running-only composite across mixed tests; the pooled-exercise-performance-composite node covers aerobic, anaerobic and resistance tests with sign-alignment, a different population of tests; also the unadjusted estimate was significant and the adjusted one not, so no single whole-population direction

After adjustment for publication bias, the benefit of SB on running performance became negligible and not statically significant (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.36; p = 0.06; I2 = 0%).

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance, SMD pooled across fixed-distance time trials, time-to-exhaustion tests, a fixed-duration trial and a graded exercise test after single-dose oral sodium bicarbonate versus placebo

no effect, SMD 0.18; 95% CI -0.01, 0.36, p = 0.06

Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

After adjustment for publication bias, the benefit of SB on running performance became negligible and not statically significant (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.36; p = 0.06; I2 = 0%).

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance

increases, p = 0.001, n = 126

After intent-to-treat adjustment for GI-related study withdrawals, the treatment effect remained small and statistically significant (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.47; p = 0.001)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance

no effect, p = 0.06, n = 126

After adjustment for publication bias, the benefit of SB on running performance became negligible and not statically significant (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.36; p = 0.06; I2 = 0%)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance

increases, p = 0.001, n = 126

SB supplementation resulted in a small statistically significant benefit on continuous running performance (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.50; p < 0.001)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

continuous running performance

increases, p = 0.001

In a post hoc analysis of the eight male-only studies, the intent-to-treat and publication bias-adjusted treatment effect was small and statistically significant (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.63; p < 0.001)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

gastrointestinal symptoms before or during the performance test, proportion of participants

increases, 29.5% vs. 2.6%; odds ratio = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.8, 18.8, p = 0.003

Not recorded as a finding: supplement-adverse-event-incidence requires occurrence of any adverse event; this is GI symptoms only, a subset

GI symptoms before or during the performance tests were more frequent with SB than placebo (29.5% vs. 2.6%; odds ratio = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.8, 18.8; p = 0.003).

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

gastrointestinal symptoms

increases, p = 0.003

GI symptoms before or during the performance tests were more frequent with SB than placebo (29.5% vs. 2.6%; odds ratio = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.8, 18.8; p = 0.003)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: earlier publication date

no effect, p = 0.29

Earlier publication date | 1.05 | 0.29

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: fewer washout days between performance tests

no effect, p = 0.78

Fewer washout days between performance tests | 0.29 | 0.78

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: higher absolute SB dosage

no effect, p = 0.28

Higher absolute SB dosage | 1.09 | 0.28

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: higher body mass index

no effect, p = 0.24

Higher body mass index | 1.18 | 0.24

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: higher body mass

modulates, p = 0.04

Higher body mass | 2.08 | 0.04

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: higher percentage of male subjects

modulates, p = 0.03

Higher percentage of male subjects | 2.12 | 0.03

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: longer performance test time

no effect, p = 0.62

Longer performance test time | 0.50 | 0.62

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: longer SB ingestion time

no effect, p = 0.11

Longer SB ingestion time | 1.60 | 0.11

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: older age

no effect, p = 0.61

Older age | 0.51 | 0.61

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: SB dosing form (capsule vs. powder)

no effect, p = 0.52

SB dosing form (capsule vs. powder) | 0.65 | 0.52

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: SB ingestion fasted vs. with food

no effect, p = 0.51

SB ingestion fasted vs. with food | 0.66 | 0.51

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: shorter time between SB ingestion and exercise

no effect, p = 0.99

Shorter time between SB ingestion and exercise | 0.02 | 0.99

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: smaller sample size

no effect, p = 0.06

Smaller sample size | 1.91 | 0.06

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: sodium-based placebo

no effect, p = 0.5

Sodium-based placebo | 0.68 | 0.50

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: submaximal running prior to performance test

no effect, p = 0.43

Submaximal running prior to performance test | 0.79 | 0.43

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

meta-regression of SB benefit: trained runners vs. non-runners

no effect, p = 0.44

Trained runners vs. non-runners | 0.77 | 0.44

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

study withdrawal due to GI symptoms

increases, p = 0.049

occurred more frequently with SB than placebo (8.7% vs. 1.6%; odds ratio = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 8.1; p = 0.049)

PMID:41416636 · one of two readings recorded this

90-day mortality

no effect, p = 0.51

Sodium bicarbonate therapy did not significantly reduce 90-day mortality compared to control (58.3% vs. 60.6%; risk ratio [RR], 0.96; 95%CI, 0.86-1.07; p = 0.51)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

90-day mortality

decreases, p = 0.004

in patients with pH ≤ 7.10, sodium bicarbonate reduced 90-day mortality (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.68-0.93; p = 0.004)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

dialysis-free days, incidence rate ratio

increases, IRR 1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.14, p = 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: no_outcome_node: no outcome node for dialysis-free days

However, it significantly reduced RRT initiation (34.8% vs. 50.7%; RR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.60-0.79; p < 0.001, number needed to treat: 6.3) and increased dialysis-free days (incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.14; p < 0.001).

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

dialysis-free days

increases, p = 0.001

increased dialysis-free days (incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.14; p < 0.001)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

renal replacement therapy initiation, proportion of patients; dialysis-free days

decreases, RRT 34.8% vs. 50.7%; RR 0.69, 95%CI 0.60-0.79

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for renal replacement therapy initiation or dialysis-free days

However, it significantly reduced RRT initiation (34.8% vs. 50.7%; RR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.60-0.79; p < 0.001, number needed to treat: 6.3) and increased dialysis-free days (incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.14; p < 0.001).

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

renal replacement therapy initiation, proportion of patients

decreases, RR 0.69; 95%CI 0.60-0.79, p = 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: no_outcome_node: no outcome node for renal replacement therapy use

However, it significantly reduced RRT initiation (34.8% vs. 50.7%; RR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.60-0.79; p < 0.001, number needed to treat: 6.3) and increased dialysis-free days (incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.14; p < 0.001).

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

renal replacement therapy initiation

decreases, p = 0.001

it significantly reduced RRT initiation (34.8% vs. 50.7%; RR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.60-0.79; p < 0.001, number needed to treat: 6.3)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment-effect interaction on 90-day mortality by acidemia depth

modulates, p = 0.006

A significant interaction was observed with acidemia depth (p-for-interaction = 0.006)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment-effect interaction on 90-day mortality by serum lactate

no effect, p = 0.22

No significant interactions were observed for severe AKI status (p-for-interaction = 0.11) nor serum lactate (p-for-interaction = 0.22)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment-effect interaction on 90-day mortality by severe AKI status

no effect, p = 0.11

No significant interactions were observed for severe AKI status (p-for-interaction = 0.11) nor serum lactate (p-for-interaction = 0.22)

PMID:42472834 · one of two readings recorded this