spironolactone

all-cause mortality

no effect, p = 0.32

Pooling results of the studies did not show any significant reduction in all-cause mortality rates (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76–1.10; P =.32) and hospitalization rates (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.80–1.25; P = 1.00) without obvious heterogeneity

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

6-minute walk distance

no effect, p = 0.23

There was no significant differences (MD −10.84; 95% CI, −28.47 to 6.80; P =.23) between spironolactone group and control group without obvious heterogeneity

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality (pooled OR) and six-minute walk distance (pooled MD) in HFpEF, spironolactone versus control; also E/A velocity ratio, E/e' index, E wave deceleration time, hospitalization rate

no effect, p = 0.32

Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound

Pooling results of the studies did not show any significant reduction in all-cause mortality rates (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76–1.10; P =.32) and hospitalization rates (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.80–1.25; P = 1.00) without obvious heterogeneity (Table 2).

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic function on echocardiography (E/A velocity ratio, E/e' index, E wave deceleration time), all-cause mortality, hospitalization, 6-minute walk distance, spironolactone versus placebo in HFpEF, pooled MD/OR

decreases, E/e' MD -1.38, 95% CI -2.03 to -0.73

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Only 2 studies described the E/e′ index, and pooling the results of them found a significant reduction in the E/e′ (MD −1.38; 95% CI, −2.03 to −0.73; P <.0001) after spironolactone treatment (Table 2).

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

E/A velocity ratio

decreases, p = 0.03

found that there was an improvement on the E/A velocity ratio (MD −0.05; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.00; P =.03) in the spironolactone group

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

E/A velocity ratio

no effect, p = 0.61

compared with patients whose follow-up periods was less than 6 months (MD −0.04; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.10; P =.61)

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

E/A velocity ratio

decreases, p = 0.03

patients in the spironolactone group with follow-up periods more than 6 months (MD −0.06; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.00, P =.03) had significant benefits

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

E/e' index

decreases, p = 0.0001

pooling the results of them found a significant reduction in the E/e′ (MD −1.38; 95% CI, −2.03 to −0.73; P <.0001) after spironolactone treatment

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

E wave deceleration time (DT)

no effect, p = 0.83

There was no significant change on DT with the use of spironolactone (MD 1.04; 95% CI, −8.27 to 10.35; P =.83)

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization

no effect, p = 1

Pooling results of the studies did not show any significant reduction in all-cause mortality rates (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76–1.10; P =.32) and hospitalization rates (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.80–1.25; P = 1.00) without obvious heterogeneity

PMID:30170387 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality

no effect, p = 0.45

There was no significant differences in mortality between spironolactone and control group in HFmrEF and HFpEF (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.69; P =.45)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

amino-terminal peptide of procollagen type-III (PIIINP)

decreases, p = 0.001

treatment was associated with decreased serum PIIINP in HFpEF (MD, −0.37 μg/L; 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.15; P =.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

decreases, p = 0.002, n = 516

Four studies involving 516 patients included BNP levels (MD, −44.80 pg/mL; 95% CI, −73.44 to −16.17; P =.002)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

no effect, p = 0.17

but not in the studies from other regions (MD, −48.84 pg/mL; 95% CI, −119.40 to 21.71; P =.17)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

decreases, p = 0.001

the BNP reduction was only significant in the studies from United States (MD, −47.54 pg/mL; 95% CI, −54.37 to −40.71; P<.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

death from cardiovascular causes, pooled risk ratio in HFmrEF and HFpEF

no effect, RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.31-1.69), p = 0.45

Not recorded as a finding: the quoted sentence says only mortality; the cardiovascular-cause definition sits in a Methods sentence that cannot be attached, so it cannot be anchored to the cardiovascular-mortality node

There was no significant differences in mortality between spironolactone and control group in HFmrEF and HFpEF (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.69; P =.45).

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

E/A ratio

no effect, p = 0.39

the E/A ratio (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.27; P =.39)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

E/e' velocity ratio

no effect, p = 0.46

E/e’ velocity ratio (SMD, −0.1; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.01; P =.46)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

increases, p = 0.001

Subgroup analyses showed spironolactone increase the risk of hyperkalemia (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.54–4.27; P<.001) and gynecomastia (OR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.82–16.01; P<.001) both in HFmrEF and HFpEF patients

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalization (readmission)

decreases, p = 0.006

The results showed that spironolactone decreased the readmission of patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.95; P =.006)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalizations (readmission for any cardiovascular event), pooled OR; NYHA functional class; BNP; PICP; PIIINP; cardiovascular death; hyperkalemia; gynecomastia; echocardiographic indices, spironolactone versus placebo or standard therapy in HFmrEF and HFpEF

decreases, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.95, p = 0.006

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

The results showed that spironolactone decreased the readmission of patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.95; P =.006).

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

hospitalizations (readmission for cardiovascular events), pooled odds ratio

decreases, OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.73-0.95), p = 0.006

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for all-cause or cardiovascular hospitalisation

The results showed that spironolactone decreased the readmission of patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.95; P =.006).

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

hyperkalemia

increases, p = 0.001

Subgroup analyses showed spironolactone increase the risk of hyperkalemia (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.54–4.27; P<.001) and gynecomastia (OR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.82–16.01; P<.001) both in HFmrEF and HFpEF patients

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography, pooled SMD

no effect, SMD 0.08 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.27), p = 0.42

Not recorded as a finding: echocardiographic modality is stated under an echo-indexes heading, so the modality-unspecified LVEF node does not fit; the sentence also combines LVEDD

A subgroup analysis did not show a significant difference between those treated with or without spironolactone in HFmrEF and HFpEF, in terms of LVEF (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.27; P =.42) or LVEDD (SMD: 0.03 mm; 95% CI, −0.21 to 0.27; P =.81).

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular ejection fraction

no effect, p = 0.42

in terms of LVEF (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.27; P =.42)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD)

no effect, p = 0.81

or LVEDD (SMD: 0.03 mm; 95% CI, −0.21 to 0.27; P =.81)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

NYHA functional classification

decreases, p = 0.001

showed that spironolactone improved the NYHA-FC of patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.19–0.66; P =.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP)

decreases, p = 0.001

Spironolactone treatment was associated with a significant decrease in PICP levels in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (MD, −27.04 ng/mL; 95% CI, −40.77 to −13.32; P<.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium change, pooled mean difference

increases, MD 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI 0.18-0.33)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for serum potassium

In these studies, spironolactone increased serum potassium levels (MD, 0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.18–0.33; P<.001).

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium level

increases, p = 0.001

spironolactone increased serum potassium levels (MD, 0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.18–0.33; P<.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

six-minute walking distance

increases, p = 0.001

Spironolactone treatment of HFpEF patients showed significant improvement in 6-MWD (SMD, 0.45 m; 95% CI, 0.27–0.64; P<.001)

PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

decreases, p = 0.0003

Treatment with spironolactone was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.24, 0.66), P=0.0003]

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) mortality, pooled odds ratio

decreases, OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.22-0.72), p = 0.002

Not recorded as a finding: composite cardiovascular plus cerebrovascular death; the cardiovascular-mortality node requires cardiovascular disease as underlying cause, treated as a near miss

The spironolactone group showed a significant reduction in CCV mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.22, 0.72), P=0.002].

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) mortality

decreases, OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.72, p = 0.002

Not recorded as a finding: cardiovascular-mortality node requires cardiovascular underlying cause; the paper pools cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, a different composite

The spironolactone group showed a significant reduction in CCV mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.22, 0.72), P=0.002].

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality

decreases, p = 0.002

The spironolactone group showed a significant reduction in CCV mortality [OR=0.4, 95%CI (0.22, 0.72), P=0.002]

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.007

The results indicated that additional spironolactone significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (MD=－6.97, 95%CI [－10.56,－3.37], P=0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (MD=－4.01, 95%CI [－6.90,－1.12], P=0.007) of the treatment group

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular ejection fraction

increases, p = 0.0001

additional spironolactone treatment elevated the LVEF significantly (MD=4.91, 95%CI [2.58, 7.24], P＜0.0001)

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass index, echocardiography

decreases, SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.334

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for LVMI

Compared with control, the addition of spironolactone significantly decreased the LVMI (SMD=–0.58, 95%CI [–0.82, –0.334], P＜0.00001).

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass index, pooled standardised mean difference

decreases, SMD -0.58 (95% CI -0.82 to -0.334)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for LVMI

Compared with control, the addition of spironolactone significantly decreased the LVMI (SMD=–0.58, 95%CI [–0.82, –0.334], P＜0.00001).

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass index

decreases, p = 0.00001

Compared with control, the addition of spironolactone significantly decreased the LVMI (SMD=–0.58, 95%CI [–0.82, –0.334], P＜0.00001)

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium level change

MD 0.23, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.49, p = 0.09

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for serum potassium; effect stated as significant in prose but the estimate is not significant

Substantial heterogeneity in serum potassium levels was observed among studies with a significant effect seen in the spironolactone group (MD=0.23, 95%CI [–0.03, 0.49], P=0.09).

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium level

no effect, p = 0.09

significant effect seen in the spironolactone group (MD=0.23, 95%CI [–0.03, 0.49], P=0.09)

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium level

no effect, p = 0.98

no significant treatment effect was observed in the spironolactone group (MD=0, 95%CI [– 0.18, 0.18], P=0.98)

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.0001

The results indicated that additional spironolactone significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (MD=－6.97, 95%CI [－10.56,－3.37], P=0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (MD=－4.01, 95%CI [－6.90,－1.12], P=0.007) of the treatment group

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.08

Secondary analysis of the data using a random effects model showed a downward trend in SBP in the spironolactone group (MD=－5.34, 95%CI [－11.36, 0.68], P=0.08)

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.74

there was no significant treatment effect in the subgroup 2 [MD=－1.00, 95%CI (－6.89, 4.89), P=0.74]

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.00001

the SBP of the spironolactone group was considerably lowered in Subgroup1 [MD= –10.51, 95%CI (－15.04, －5.97), P＜0.00001]

PMID:31118582 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure

decreases

Compared with placebo and no treatment, spironolactone significantly reduced the 24-hour ambulatory SBP (WMD = −10.31, 95% CI = −12.86 to −7.76, P <.001) (WMD = −11.00, 95% CI = −19.25 to −2.75)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

Compared with placebo and no treatment, spironolactone significantly reduced the 24-hour ambulatory SBP (WMD = −10.31, 95% CI = −12.86 to −7.76, P <.001) (WMD = −11.00, 95% CI = −19.25 to −2.75)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.05

in comparison with alternative drugs, spironolactone showed a significant difference in the reduction in 24-hour ambulatory SBP (WMD = −6.98, 95% CI = −12.66 to −1.30, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure, pooled WMD versus placebo

decreases, WMD -3.94 (95% CI -5.50 to -2.37)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for 24-hour ambulatory diastolic pressure

Spironolactone still significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory DBP compared with placebo (WMD = −3.94, 95% CI = −5.50 to −2.37, P <.001) and blank groups (WMD = −12, 95% CI = −16.77 to −7.23).

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure

decreases

Spironolactone still significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory DBP compared with placebo (WMD = −3.94, 95% CI = −5.50 to −2.37, P <.001) and blank groups (WMD = −12, 95% CI = −16.77 to −7.23)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

Spironolactone still significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory DBP compared with placebo (WMD = −3.94, 95% CI = −5.50 to −2.37, P <.001) and blank groups (WMD = −12, 95% CI = −16.77 to −7.23)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

in comparison with alternative drugs, spironolactone showed a significant difference in the reduction in 24-hour ambulatory DBP (WMD = −3.03, 95% CI = −5.21 to −0.85, P <.001)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −7.26, 95% CI = −11.7 to −2.81, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −6.62, 95% CI = −13.48 to 0.24, P =.06) or longer than 3 months on DBP (WMD = −3.95, 95% CI = −6.59 to −1.32, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.06

Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −7.26, 95% CI = −11.7 to −2.81, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −6.62, 95% CI = −13.48 to 0.24, P =.06) or longer than 3 months on DBP (WMD = −3.95, 95% CI = −6.59 to −1.32, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.05

Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −7.26, 95% CI = −11.7 to −2.81, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −6.62, 95% CI = −13.48 to 0.24, P =.06) or longer than 3 months on DBP (WMD = −3.95, 95% CI = −6.59 to −1.32, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

mean change in serum potassium, spironolactone versus placebo

increases, WMD 0.2, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.35

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for serum potassium

Compared to the placebo, spironolactone indeed elevated serum potassium levels (WMD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.35, P <.01) without heterogeneity.

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office diastolic blood pressure, pooled WMD versus placebo

decreases, WMD -5.73 (95% CI -8.13 to -3.33)

Not recorded as a finding: same office-protocol boundary as office SBP

Compared with the placebo group, spironolactone significantly decreased office DBP (WMD = −5.73, 95% CI = −8.13 to −3.33, P <.001).

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office diastolic blood pressure, spironolactone versus placebo

decreases, WMD -5.73, 95% CI -8.13 to -3.33

Not recorded as a finding: office-diastolic-blood-pressure requires a seated reading after a stated rest period; the paper states none of this

Compared with the placebo group, spironolactone significantly decreased office DBP (WMD = −5.73, 95% CI = −8.13 to −3.33, P <.001).

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office diastolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

Compared with the placebo group, spironolactone significantly decreased office DBP (WMD = −5.73, 95% CI = −8.13 to −3.33, P <.001)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office systolic blood pressure, pooled WMD versus placebo

decreases, WMD -20.14 (95% CI -31.17 to -9.12)

Not recorded as a finding: paper says office SBP without the seated-rest protocol the office node requires, and the unspecified-setting node is for sources that do not state a setting; treated as a near miss

In comparison with placebo, spironolactone significantly reduced office SBP in patients with RH (WMD = −20.14, 95% CI = −31.17 to −9.12, P <.001).

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office systolic blood pressure, spironolactone versus placebo

decreases, WMD -20.14, 95% CI -31.17 to -9.12

Not recorded as a finding: office-systolic-blood-pressure requires a seated reading after a stated rest period by a stated cuff method; the paper states none of this, so the instrument is not stated

In comparison with placebo, spironolactone significantly reduced office SBP in patients with RH (WMD = −20.14, 95% CI = −31.17 to −9.12, P <.001).

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office systolic blood pressure

decreases

Compared with no treatment, spironolactone also significantly reduced SBP (WMD = −9, 95% CI = −16.85 to −1.15)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

office systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

In comparison with placebo, spironolactone significantly reduced office SBP in patients with RH (WMD = −20.14, 95% CI = −31.17 to −9.12, P <.001)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium change from baseline, pooled WMD versus placebo

increases, WMD 0.2 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.35)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for serum potassium

Compared to the placebo, spironolactone indeed elevated serum potassium levels (WMD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.35, P <.01) without heterogeneity.

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium change

increases, p = 0.01

Compared to the placebo, spironolactone indeed elevated serum potassium levels (WMD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.35, P <.01) without heterogeneity

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.001

In comparison with placebo, the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −29.88, 95% CI = −41.13 to −18.64, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −20.4, 95% CI = −41.08 to −0.27, P =.05) or longer than 3 months on SBP (WMD = −8.62, 95% CI = −14.23 to −3.01, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.05

In comparison with placebo, the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −29.88, 95% CI = −41.13 to −18.64, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −20.4, 95% CI = −41.08 to −0.27, P =.05) or longer than 3 months on SBP (WMD = −8.62, 95% CI = −14.23 to −3.01, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

decreases, p = 0.05

In comparison with placebo, the effect of 3 months of spironolactone (WMD = −29.88, 95% CI = −41.13 to −18.64, P <.001) was better than that of less than 3 months (WMD = −20.4, 95% CI = −41.08 to −0.27, P =.05) or longer than 3 months on SBP (WMD = −8.62, 95% CI = −14.23 to −3.01, P <.05)

PMID:32846786 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium concentration change over time, pooled mean difference, spironolactone plus ACEI/ARB versus ACEI/ARB alone

increases, mean serum potassium increased by 0.19 mEq/L (95% CI 0.12-0.26)

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Treatment with spironolactone and ACEI/ARB combination therapy compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone increased the mean serum potassium concentration by 0.19 mEq/L (95% CI, 0.12-0.26 mEq/L), with intermediate heterogeneity across studies (Q statistic = 46.5, P = 0.004; I2 = 59).

PMID:34013341 · one of two readings recorded this

serum potassium concentration change

increases

increased the mean serum potassium concentration by 0.19 mEq/L (95% CI, 0.12-0.26 mEq/L)

PMID:34013341 · one of two readings recorded this

bladder cancer risk

no effect

bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

breast cancer risk

no effect

No statistically significant association was observed between spironolactone use and risk of breast cancer (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.22; certainty of evidence very low)

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

esophageal cancer risk

no effect

esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

gastric cancer risk

no effect

gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

kidney cancer risk

no effect

kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

ovarian cancer and kidney cancer incidence

no effect, ovarian RR 1.52 (0.84-2.20); kidney RR 0.96 (0.85-1.07)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for ovarian or kidney cancer incidence

There was no statistically significant association between spironolactone use and risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20; certainty of evidence very low), bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; certainty of evidence very low), kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; certainty of evidence low), gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24; certainty of evidence low), or esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27; certainty of evidence low).

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

ovarian cancer and kidney cancer risk, pooled risk ratio

no effect, ovarian RR 1.52 (95% CI 0.84-2.20); kidney RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.85-1.07)

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for ovarian cancer incidence or kidney cancer incidence

There was no statistically significant association between spironolactone use and risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20; certainty of evidence very low), bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; certainty of evidence very low), kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; certainty of evidence low), gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24; certainty of evidence low), or esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27; certainty of evidence low).

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

ovarian cancer risk

no effect

ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

prostate cancer risk

decreases

There was an association between spironolactone use and decreased risk of prostate cancer (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90; certainty of evidence very low)

PMID:35138351 · one of two readings recorded this

E/e′ ratio change

decreases, p = 0.02, n = 890

reduced E/e′ ratio by −1.3 (−2.4 to −0.2) (p = 0.02

PMID:36303266 · one of two readings recorded this

interventricular septum (IVS) thickness change

decreases, p = 0.01, n = 945

reduced IVS thickness by −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.1) mm (p = 0.01

PMID:36303266 · one of two readings recorded this

left atrial volume index (LAVi) change

decreases, p = 0.03, n = 818

spironolactone reduced LAVi by −1.1 (−2.0 to −0.1) ml/m2 (p = 0.03)

PMID:36303266 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change

increases, p = 0.01, n = 788

increased LVEF by 1.7 (0.8–2.6)% (p < 0.01

PMID:36303266 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass index (LVMi) change

decreases, p = 0.01, n = 927

reduced LVMi by −3.6 (−6.4 to −0.8) g/m2 (p = 0.01

PMID:36303266 · one of two readings recorded this

inflammatory lesion count (ILC)

decreases

TC 1% BID significantly reduced the ILC compared to placebo (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.17)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

inflammatory lesion count (ILC)

increases

compared with TC 1% BID, Spironolactone 50 mg was associated with increased ILC (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.11)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

inflammatory lesion count (ILC)

decreases

TC 1% BID was associated with reduced NILC compared to TC 1% ODS (SMD = -0.25, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.07)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

Investigator's Global Assessment treatment success

increases

TC 1% BID was significantly associated with a 12-week treatment success compared to placebo (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.12 to 5.30)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

Investigator's Global Assessment treatment success

decreases

compared with TC 1% BID, placebo was associated with a lower success rate (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.188 to 0.89)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

non-inflammatory lesion count (NILC)

decreases

TC 1% BID has potential effectiveness in reducing the NILC compared to placebo (SMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.22)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

non-inflammatory lesion count (NILC)

increases

both TC 0.1% BID and TC 0.5% BID were associated with increased NILC (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.44) and (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.54)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

non-inflammatory lesion count (NILC)

increases

both TC 0.1% BID and TC 0.5% BID were associated with increased NILC (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.44) and (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.54)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

non-inflammatory lesion count (NILC)

decreases

TC 1% BID was associated with reduced NILC compared to TC 1% ODS (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.10)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

total lesion count (TLC)

decreases

Spironolactone 200 mg was associated with a significant reduction in TLC (SMD = -4.46, 95% CI: -5.60 to -3.32)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

total lesion count (TLC)

decreases

TC 1% BID (SMD = -4.18, 95% CI: -5.42 to -2.94)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

total lesion count (TLC)

decreases

Tretinoin 0.05% (SMD = -4.33, 95% CI: -5.57 to -3.09)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

total lesion count (TLC)

decreases

Spironolactone 200 mg was associated with a significant reduction in TLC compared to Spironolactone 25 mg (SMD = -4.65, 95% CI: -5.90 to -3.40)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

total lesion count (TLC)

decreases

Spironolactone 50 mg (SMD = -4.88, 95% CI: -6.13 to -3.63)

PMID:38814916 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

decreases, p = 0.009

The pooled HR revealed that Eplerenone exhibited lower mortality instances compared to spironolactone (HR = 0.78; 95% CI [0.64, 0.94], P = 0.009)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

no effect, p = 0.92

the HR didn’t favor either of the drugs in patients with HFmrEF (HR = 1.03; 95% CI [0.60, 1.77], P = 0.92)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

decreases, p = 0.01

Eplerenone showed lower mortality rates than spironolactone in patients with HFrEF (HR = 0.74; 95% CI [0.59, 0.94], P = 0.01)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

no effect, p = 0.1

after excluding Martinez et al. and Naser et al. studies, the results were not significant: (HR = 0.83; 95% CI [0.66, 1.04], P = 0.10)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

no effect, p = 0.1

within observational studies, eplerenone showed comparable mortality rates when compared to spironolactone (HR = 0.83; 95% CI [0.67, 1.04], P = 0.10)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

all-cause mortality

decreases, p = 0.02

One RCT reported all-cause mortality and showed lower mortality rates with eplerenone than spironolactone (HR = 0.64; 95% CI [0.44, 0.93], P = 0.02)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality

decreases, p = 0.001

The overall HR favored eplerenone over spironolactone in decreasing the cardiovascular mortality rates in individuals with HFrEF (HR = 0.54; 95% CI [0.39, 0.74], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.63

The pooled HR did not show any preference for either eplerenone or spironolactone (HR = 0.96; 95% CI [0.80, 1.15], P = 0.63)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.96

Eplerenone showed no superiority over spironolactone in patients with HFrEF or HFmrEF (HR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.79, 1.15], P = 0.60) or (HR = 1.02; 95% CI [0.58, 1.79], P = 0.96)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.6

Eplerenone showed no superiority over spironolactone in patients with HFrEF or HFmrEF (HR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.79, 1.15], P = 0.60) or (HR = 1.02; 95% CI [0.58, 1.79], P = 0.96)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.74

The pooled effect size remains statistically insignificant within observational and RCT studies (HR = 0.96; 95% CI [0.76, 1.22], P = 0.74), (HR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.72, 1.25], P = 0.72)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.72

The pooled effect size remains statistically insignificant within observational and RCT studies (HR = 0.96; 95% CI [0.76, 1.22], P = 0.74), (HR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.72, 1.25], P = 0.72)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

crossover

no effect, p = 0.8

The pooled RR did not show any preference for either eplerenone or spironolactone (RR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.08, 7.12], P = 0.80)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

crossover

decreases, p = 0.001

demonstrated that eplerenone was associated with lower cross-over rates than spironolactone (RR = 0.35; 95% CI [0.23, 0.54], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

decreases, p = 0.004

The pooled RR demonstrated that eplerenone decreased the risk of gynecomastia compared to spironolactone (RR = 0.07; 95% CI [0.02, 0.31], P = 0.004)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

no effect, p = 0.14

Within HFmrEF patients, the overall RR preferred neither (RR = 0.11; 95% CI [0.01, 2.03], P = 0.14)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

decreases, p = 0.001

Eplerenone showed lower gynecomastia rates than spironolactone in patients with HFrEF (RR = 0.06; 95% CI [0.01, 0.34], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

decreases, p = 0.002

the overall effect favored eplerenone in decreasing the gynecomastia compared to eplerenone (RR = 0.04; 95% CI [0.01, 0.33], P = 0.002)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

gynecomastia

no effect, p = 0.05

Eplerenone showed comparable gynecomastia rates compared to spironolactone within RCTs (RR = 0.13; 95% CI [0.02, 1.04], P = 0.05)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

heart failure hospitalization

no effect, p = 0.13

The pooled RR demonstrated similar hospitalization rates within the two drugs (RR = 0.86; 95% CI [0.70, 1.05], P = 0.13

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

heart failure hospitalization

decreases, p = 0.001

demonstrated that eplerenone was superior to spironolactone in reducing heart failure hospitalization rates compared to spironolactone (RR = 0.77; 95% CI [0.67, 88], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

hyperkalemia

no effect, p = 0.38

The overall RR did not show any preference for either of the two drugs (RR = 0.70; 95% CI [0.32, 1.53], P = 0.38)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

hypotension

no effect, p = 0.5

The overall RR did not prefer either of eplerenone or spironolactone (RR = 2.05; 95% CI [0.26, 16.21], P = 0.50)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

renal failure

no effect, p = 0.61

The overall RR preferred neither (RR = 0.81; 95% CI [0.37, 1.78], P = 0.61)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment withdrawal due to side effects

decreases, p = 0.002

The pooled RR showed that eplerenone significantly exhibited lower treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects rates compared to spironolactone (RR = 0.63; 95% CI [0.46, 0.85], P = 0.002)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment withdrawal

decreases, p = 0.001

The overall RR demonstrated that eplerenone was linked to lower treatment withdrawal rates compared to spironolactone (RR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.62, 0.78], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment withdrawal

decreases, p = 0.001

In the observational studies subgroup, eplerenone was associated with lower treatment with-drawl rates than spironolactone (RR = 0.70; 95% CI [0.62, 0.79], P = 0.001)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

treatment withdrawal

no effect, p = 0.66

Inside the RCTs subgroup, the overall RR preferred neither (RR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.21, 2.65], P = 0.66)

PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this

acne improvement response

Among the 25 patients in the placebo group, 2 (8%) patients had improved acne vulgaris compared with spironolactone

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

acne improvement response

increases

Out of 30 participants in the spironolactone group, 24 (80%) patients had a response to spironolactone in the improvement of acne vulgaris

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

breast enlargement

no effect, p = 0.26

and breast enlargement (14.9% vs. 11.3%; OR 1.37; 95% 0.79–2.38; p = 0.26

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

menstrual irregularities

no effect, p = 0.88

Rates of menstrual irregularities (18.1% vs. 20.4%; OR 1.09; 95% 0.37–3.25; p = 0.88

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

objective assessment of acne improvement (IGA or other scales)

increases, p = 0.00001, n = 563

which was sixfold higher in those receiving spironolactone as compared with placebo (OR 6.59; 95% 3.50–12.43; p < 0.00001

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

reversible menstrual irregularities

Reversible menstrual irregularities were observed in 13 (48.1%) women out of 27 receiving spironolactone in this trial

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

subjective assessment of acne improvement

no effect, p = 0.13

However, subjective assessment showed no difference between the two groups (OR 5.22; 95% 0.62–44.25; p = 0.13

PMID:40823723 · one of two readings recorded this

baseline clinical parameters, responder vs nonresponder (UACR decrease of 30% or more)

no effect, n = 55

no significant differences were observed between the two groups in any item

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in eGFR, multiple regression coefficient for baseline aldosterone

no effect, p = 0.852, n = 55

Baseline aldosterone | −0.005 | 0.025 | −0.19 | 0.852 | −0.027 | 1.045 | ​

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in eGFR, multiple regression coefficient for baseline eGFR

decreases, p = 0.032, n = 55

Baseline eGFR | −0.118 | 0.053 | −2.21 | 0.032* | −0.318 | 1.057 | 0.468

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in eGFR, multiple regression coefficient for baseline K

no effect, p = 0.41, n = 55

Baseline K | −2.422 | 2.910 | −0.83 | 0.410 | −0.122 | 1.097 | ​

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in F-UACR (SHASH-transformed), regression coefficient for baseline F-UACR

modulates, p = 0.001, n = 55

The regression coefficient estimates (p values) of this model showed significant values of −0.501 (p < 0.001) and −0.001 (p = 0.027) for SHASH (baseline F-UACR) and baseline triglyceride, respectively

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in F-UACR (SHASH-transformed), regression coefficient for baseline triglyceride

modulates, p = 0.027, n = 55

The regression coefficient estimates (p values) of this model showed significant values of −0.501 (p < 0.001) and −0.001 (p = 0.027) for SHASH (baseline F-UACR) and baseline triglyceride, respectively

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum potassium, multiple regression coefficient for baseline eGFR

no effect, p = 0.182, n = 55

Baseline eGFR | −0.003 | 0.002 | −1.350 | 0.182 | −0.177 | 1.063 | ​

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum potassium, multiple regression coefficient for baseline K

decreases, p = 0.001, n = 55

Baseline K | −0.401 | 0.109 | −3.670 | 0.001* | −0.488 | 1.105 | 0.949

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum potassium vs baseline serum potassium

decreases, p = 0.001, n = 55

the change in serum potassium levels was negatively correlated with baseline serum potassium levels, and the results of the univariate analysis were significant (r = −0.45, R2 = 0.201, p < 0.001)

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed), multiple regression coefficient for baseline eGFR

modulates, p = 0.003, n = 55

Baseline eGFR | 0.021 | 0.006 | 3.180 | 0.003* | 0.350 | 1.140 | 0.876

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed), multiple regression coefficient for baseline triglyceride

modulates, p = 0.017, n = 55

Baseline TG | −0.002 | 0.001 | −2.480 | 0.017* | −0.426 | 2.768 | 0.683

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed), multiple regression coefficient for baseline UACR

modulates, p = 0.002, n = 55

SHASH [baseline UACR] | −0.387 | 0.118 | −3.270 | 0.002* | −0.361 | 1.147 | 0.894

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline age

no effect, p = 0.622, n = 55

Age | 0.005 | −0.014 | 1.014 | 0.246 | 0.490 | −0.007 | 0.622

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline aldosterone

no effect, p = 0.724, n = 55

Aldosterone | 0.003 | −0.018 | 1.035 | 0.126 | 0.164 | −0.001 | 0.724

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline BMI

no effect, p = 0.72, n = 55

BMI | 0.002 | −0.017 | 1.000 | 0.130 | 0.231 | −0.010 | 0.720

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline creatinine

no effect, p = 0.14, n = 55

Creatinine | 0.041 | 0.022 | 0.995 | 2.241 | 0.812 | −0.956 | 0.140

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline cystatin C

no effect, p = 0.242, n = 55

Cystatin C | 0.027 | 0.008 | 0.995 | 1.400 | 0.683 | −0.692 | 0.242

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline diastolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.098, n = 55

Diastolic BP | 0.051 | 0.033 | 0.990 | 2.838 | 1.279 | −0.018 | 0.098

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline eGFR

modulates, p = 0.012, n = 55

eGFR | 0.113 | 0.096 | 0.957 | 6.752 | −1.324 | 0.020 | 0.012*

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline HbA1c

no effect, p = 0.8, n = 55

HbA1c | 0.001 | −0.018 | 1.016 | 0.065 | −0.320 | 0.042 | 0.800

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline HDL cholesterol

no effect, p = 0.066, n = 55

HDL cholesterol | 0.064 | 0.046 | 0.992 | 3.528 | −1.000 | 0.019 | 0.066

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline LDL cholesterol

no effect, p = 0.626, n = 55

LDL cholesterol | 0.005 | −0.015 | 1.022 | 0.241 | −0.285 | 0.003 | 0.626

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline serum potassium

no effect, p = 0.765, n = 55

K | 0.002 | −0.018 | 1.020 | 0.090 | −0.498 | 0.117 | 0.765

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline systolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.061, n = 55

Systolic BP | 0.065 | 0.047 | 0.983 | 3.662 | 2.170 | −0.017 | 0.061

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline triglyceride

modulates, p = 0.002, n = 55

Triglyceride | 0.176 | 0.160 | 0.930 | 11.084 | 0.348 | −0.002 | 0.002*

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline UACR

modulates, p = 0.001, n = 55

Continuous data | Covariate factor | SHASH (baseline UACR) | 0.223 | 0.208 | 0.896 | 15.204 | −0.026 | −0.480 | <0.001*

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs baseline uric acid

no effect, p = 0.166, n = 55

UA | 0.036 | 0.018 | 0.998 | 1.976 | 0.845 | −0.153 | 0.166

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs sex

no effect, p = 0.461, n = 55

Sex | 0.010 | −0.008 | 1.011 | 0.552 | N/A | N/A | 0.461

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR (SHASH-transformed) vs SGLT-2 inhibitor use

no effect, p = 0.853, n = 55

Use of SGLT-2 inhibitor | 0.001 | −0.018 | 1.016 | 0.035 | N/A | N/A | 0.853

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

change in UACR vs change in systolic blood pressure

no effect, p = 0.126, n = 55

found no statistically significant correlation between the change in systolic blood pressure and SHASH-transformed change in UACR (p = 0.126)

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)

decreases, n = 55

Mean | 385.111 | −108.024 | 0.067 | −0.015

PMID:41391159 · one of two readings recorded this

early acute eGFR decrease (>=15% decrease between baseline and week 4)

increases

a higher proportion of patients assigned to spironolactone [269 (33%)] compared with placebo [162 (20%)] (odds ratio 1.97; 95% confidence interval 1.58-2.47)

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

early acute eGFR decrease (>=15% decrease between baseline and week 4)

Within 4 weeks of treatment initiation, 431 (26%) patients experienced acute eGFR decrease

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

early acute eGFR decrease of 15% or more between baseline and week 4 (proportion of patients), and the primary composite of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization or aborted cardiac arrest, spironolactone versus placebo in HFpEF, TOPCAT Americas post-hoc analysis

increases, OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.58-2.47

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Within 4 weeks of treatment initiation, 431 (26%) patients experienced acute eGFR decrease with a higher proportion of patients assigned to spironolactone [269 (33%)] compared with placebo [162 (20%)] (odds ratio 1.97; 95% confidence interval 1.58-2.47).

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, or aborted cardiac arrest)

decreases

treatment with spironolactone appeared beneficial in reducing the primary cardiovascular outcome irrespective of the presence [hazard ratio 0.75 (0.53-1.08)] or absence [0.80 (0.64-1.00)] of early eGFR decrease (Pinteraction = .81)

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, or aborted cardiac arrest)

decreases

treatment with spironolactone appeared beneficial in reducing the primary cardiovascular outcome irrespective of the presence [hazard ratio 0.75 (0.53-1.08)] or absence [0.80 (0.64-1.00)] of early eGFR decrease (Pinteraction = .81)

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

primary composite endpoint, treatment by early eGFR decrease interaction

no effect, p = 0.81

treatment with spironolactone appeared beneficial in reducing the primary cardiovascular outcome irrespective of the presence [hazard ratio 0.75 (0.53-1.08)] or absence [0.80 (0.64-1.00)] of early eGFR decrease (Pinteraction = .81)

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

primary composite endpoint, treatment by magnitude of eGFR decline interaction

no effect, p = 0.64

At any given magnitude of eGFR decline, risk of the primary endpoint was consistently lower with spironolactone compared with placebo (Pinteraction = .64)

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this

proportion of patients with an early acute eGFR decrease of 15% or more between baseline and week 4, spironolactone versus placebo; primary composite of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization or aborted cardiac arrest, by early eGFR dip status (post-hoc TOPCAT Americas analysis)

increases, acute eGFR decrease in 33% on spironolactone versus 20% on placebo, odds ratio 1.97 (95% CI 1.58-2.47)

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Within 4 weeks of treatment initiation, 431 (26%) patients experienced acute eGFR decrease with a higher proportion of patients assigned to spironolactone [269 (33%)] compared with placebo [162 (20%)] (odds ratio 1.97; 95% confidence interval 1.58-2.47).

PMID:41961632 · one of two readings recorded this