L-cysteinylglycine

Three steps

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and tauroursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, BAAT and 1 morecytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPScytosolOne of 5 routes

• dimethylarsinous acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 2 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = dimethylarsinous acid + 2 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, AS3MT

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• trimethylarsineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, AS3MT

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. monoamine oxidase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GOT2 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, TXNRD1 and 3 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC22A6 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC1A1 and 5 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC3A2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, DAO and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC1A1 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, AADAT and 1 morecytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GLYATL3 and 3 morecytosol

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR, DHODH

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, BAAT and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes