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Reach

D-serine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

505 compounds within 3 steps: 6 in 1, 95 in 2, 404 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
1. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
Catalysed by SRR, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol
(S)-3-hydroxybutanoateReach from here →
Catalysed by SRR

Page 3 of 11

, ADHFE1

mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

(S)-carnitineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 245 routes

3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H(+)

Catalysed by SRR, AGXT2, HIBADH

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, BCAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, MOCS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

AReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 72 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

prostaglandin E3Reach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
(S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Transport of Prostaglandin E3, Lactate Antiport

Catalysed by SRR, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

prostaglandin H3Reach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
prostaglandin G3 + AH2 = prostaglandin H3 + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

prostaglandin A2Reach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
(S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

Catalysed by SRR, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

prostaglandin J2Reach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
(S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport

Catalysed by SRR, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

15-oxoprostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
(S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Transport of 15-Keto-Prostaglandin F2A, Lactate Antiport

Catalysed by SRR, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

Catalysed by SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

Catalysed by SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

(13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazoleReach from here →

D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC1A5, PFAS, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

Catalysed by SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

Catalysed by SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 28 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

a phenyl acetateReach from here →

D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

Catalysed by SRR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

D-histidineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

L-homoarginineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, SLC25A29inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

L-homocarnosineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
Formation of homocarnosine

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, CARNS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →

D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by SLC1A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, H6PDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

kinetensinReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
Chymase

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CMA1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →

D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix