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Reach

CHEBI:17927

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

652 compounds within 3 steps: 5 in 1, 152 in 2, 495 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
Catalysed by SLC27A2cytosolOne of 2 routes
undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)
Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 8 routes
(3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix
(2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix
(7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 8 routes
tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)
Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6

Page 4 of 14

, BCAT2

extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

One of 3 routes

AReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by NAGS, MOCOScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

(5E)-tetradecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((9E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 7 routes

S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
butanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 5 morecytosol

S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CROT, NUDT19, NUDT7, NUDT8cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + H2O = decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosol

S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O = tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
an acyl-CoA + H2O = an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

leukotriene F4Reach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
leukotriene F4 hydrolysis

Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 morecytosol

epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, SLC25A29 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 29 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GLYATL3cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
transport of arginine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CROT, PHYHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosol

2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GLYATL3cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CROT, GLYATL2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

D-histidineReach from here →

N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)
L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

Catalysed by PAOX, SMOX, ODC1, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

L-homocarnosineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
Formation of homocarnosine

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A5, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GARTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, DPEP1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol

glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →

N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, DPEP1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →

Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, PFASextracellular space, cytosol