O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine

Three steps

• urateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, MOGAT2, AWAT2 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, DGAT1, MOGAT2 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC33A1, ESCO2 and 7 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, CLTRN and 1 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• superoxideReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (N-C18:0CoA)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPGAT1peroxisome, cytosol

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC33A1, ESCO2 and 3 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Beta Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acid
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + octanoyl-CoA = 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ACADM, ACADS and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and 4 moreperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O = hexadecanoate + CoA + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, ACOT7 and 16 more

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl esterReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O = hexadecanoate + CoA + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + H2O = N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, ACOT7 and 16 more

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC6A5peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, LPOperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Fas180

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1Aperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Beta Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acid
  3. Octanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ACADM, ACADS and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC12A2 and 1 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, FAAHperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, DGAT1, LRAT and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, LPCAT3 and 2 moreOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, PRDX6 and 3 more

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14, SLC26A4peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Active Transport
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, ACOT7peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC33A1, ESCO2 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, SLC6A14peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16->C14), Mitochondrial
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, HADHA, ACADVL and 6 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CERS1, CERS6 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (N-C18:0CoA)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, FAR1, FAR2peroxisome, cytosol

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1Aperoxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate) + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, LPGAT1 and 1 more