beta-nicotinamide D-riboside

Three steps

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)

  Catalysed by NQO2, DHODH, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol
  3. beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

  Catalysed by NQO2, GPD2, ALDOA, ALDOB and 1 more

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by NQO2, SDHB, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by NQO2, SDHB, ASLcytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphateReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. D-Ribose 1,5-phosphomutase
  3. transketolase (D-xylulose-5-phosphate)

  Catalysed by PNP, PGM2, TKT, TKTL1 and 1 morecytosol

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NQO2, GPD2, GNPAT

• orotidine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

  Catalysed by NQO2, DHODH, UMPS

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by NQO2, SDHB, ADSL, TNRC6BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. inosine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase
  3. inosine + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + hypoxanthine

  Catalysed by PNP, LACC1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by NQO2, SQOR, ETHE1One of 2 routes

• ADP-D-riboseReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. alpha-NAD(+) + H2O = ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide + H(+)
  3. H2O[n] + alpha-NAD(+)[n] = ADP-ribose[n] + H+[n] + nicotinamide[n]

  Catalysed by PNP, MACROD2, ADPRH, MACROD1 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphateReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. D-Ribose 1,5-phosphomutase
  3. ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PNP, PGM2, PRPS2, PRPS1L1 and 1 morecytosol

• IMPReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. inosine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase
  3. dIMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyinosine + IMP

  Catalysed by PNP, NT5C2cytosolOne of 6 routes

• D-ribulose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  2. D-Ribose 1,5-phosphomutase
  3. D-ribose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by PNP, PGM2, RPIAcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NQO2, GPD2, GNPAT

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by NQO2, CYC1, UQCRFS1, PRODH2outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• deamido-NAD(+)Reach from here →
  1. ribosylnicotinamide kinase (nicotinamide ribonucleoside)
  2. nicotinamide-D-ribonucleotide amidohydrolase
  3. Nicotinate-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by NMRK2, NMRK1, NMNAT3cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by NQO2, SDHB, ADSLcytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-ribosylnicotinateReach from here →
  1. ribosylnicotinamide kinase (nicotinamide ribonucleoside)
  2. nicotinamide-D-ribonucleotide amidohydrolase
  3. nicotinate D-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by NMRK2, NMRK1, ACP3, NT5E and 6 morecytosol

• D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol
  3. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate

  Catalysed by NQO2, GPD2, TPI1

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by NQO2, CYC1, UQCRFS1, PRODH and 1 moreouter side of the membraneOne of 4 routes