N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine

Three steps

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulumOne of 20 routes

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, GNPATGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACER3, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LPGAT1Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]

  Catalysed by ACER3, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LCLAT1, MBOAT7Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, GPAT3, GPAT2, GPAT4 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by ACER3, PM20D1endoplasmic reticulum

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. ATP:sphinganine 1-phosphotransferase
  3. sphinganine 1-phosphate = hexadecanal + phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ACER3, DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ABHD12endoplasmic reticulum

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by ACER3endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, AGPAT2, GPAT3, GPAT2 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 9 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• a cardiolipinReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1'-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho],3'-[1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a cardiolipin + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, HADHAGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• an all-trans-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LPCAT4, LPCAT3, MBOAT1 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• a triacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. an acyl-CoA + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, DGAT1, MOGAT2, AWAT2 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphinganine[g]
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, LCLAT1, LPCAT1, GPAMGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ABHD12endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 14 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O
  3. 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol

  Catalysed by ACER3, DGAT1, LIPA, PNPLA4 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by ACER3endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, ABHD12, LPGAT1endoplasmic reticulum

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACER3, ABHD16Aendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• (9Z)-octadecen-1-olReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by ACER3, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphinganine[r] = oleate[r] + sphinganine[r]
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by ACER3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 11 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes