L-cysteinylglycine

Three steps

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A9 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GOT2 and 3 morecytosol

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 2 morecytosol

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GCLC and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, GARTcytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1, MPST and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC3A2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, AGXT2 and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-normetanephrineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SHMT1 and 3 morecytosol

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SULT2A1cytosol

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, CTH and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, SHMT1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2
  3. 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin B1 + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cysteinylglycine dipeptidase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by ANPEP, LAP3, NPEPPS, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• serotonin O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = serotonin O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-noradrenaline 4'-O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sulfotransferase (noradrenaline)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 4 morecytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol