a triacylglycerol

Three steps

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. retinol binding protein (retinol)

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, CES2, RBP4 and 18 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, CES2, RBP4 and 17 morecytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by LPL, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, LIPA, PNPLA4 and 2 moreextracellular space

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4F2, CYP4F3extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, PTDSS1extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LPL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreextracellular space

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LPL, SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moreextracellular space

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 21 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by LPL, PTGS1, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12extracellular space

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX15B, ALOX15, ALOX12extracellular space

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX5extracellular space

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = leukotriene A4 + H2O

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX5extracellular space

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX15B, ALOX15extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. octadecanoate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O

  Catalysed by LPL, FA2Hextracellular space

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1-acylglycerol + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a triacylglycerol + glycerol
  3. glycerol + ATP = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. CDPethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase
  3. L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine:L-serine phosphatidyltransferase

  Catalysed by LPL, SELENOI, CEPT1, PTDSS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + ATP = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, AGK and 1 moreextracellular space

• sn-glycerol 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1-acylglycerol + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a triacylglycerol + glycerol
  3. sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 2 more

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 6 routes

• sphinganineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = N-hexadecanoyl-sphinganine-1-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. sphinganine + hexadecanoate = N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + H2O

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, ASAH2extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, LPGAT1extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)(out)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGKI, DGKA, DGKG and 9 moreextracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H(+)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate

  Catalysed by LPL, DGKI, DGKA, DGKG and 9 moreextracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a triacylglycerol
  3. a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 3 more

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)Reach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(out)

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, OSBPL3extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. CDP-ethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, SELENOI, CEPT1, SAMD8extracellular space