(S)-lactate

Three steps

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTO1, GSTO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 24 routes

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, XDH, PNPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AS3MTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, DDCcytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 morecytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 more

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes