sulfate

Three steps

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diolReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5alpha,6alpha-epoxidizing)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP27A1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.5

  Catalysed by STS, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate + ATP = N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, RIMKLA and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-L-aspartate + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ATP = N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, RIMKLAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• beta-citrylglutamateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
  3. citrate + L-glutamate + ATP = beta-citrylglutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC25A1, RIMKLBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CRAT and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, ACAA1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-dodecanoyl-R-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (dodecanoylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, ACSM4 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 16alpha-hydroxyestroneReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (estrone)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and 21 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, TSTD1, GPX1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by STS, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Pregnenolone-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. pregnenolone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP7B1Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP7B1cytosol

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by STS, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by STS, SOAT2, SOAT1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by STS, SLC22A24, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, TSTD1, GPX1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• androst-5-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by STS, HSD3B1, HSD3B2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• pentanalReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  2. pentanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = pentanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)
  3. pentanal + NAD(+) + H2O = pentanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, SLC22A9, ALDH9A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by STS, SOAT2, SOAT1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, CRAT, CROTextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, ACADM and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Steryl-Sulfatase
  2. Cholesterol-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by STS, SOAT2, SOAT1Golgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, HADHA and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A6, SLC6A14, GLYATL1B, GLYATL1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-hydroxyestroneReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. estrone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 4-hydroxyestrone + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and 3 morecytosol

• 6alpha-hydroxyestroneReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. estrone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 6alpha-hydroxyestrone + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP1A1cytosol

• 15alpha-hydroxyestroneReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. estrone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 15alpha-hydroxyestrone + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by STS, CYP1A1cytosol

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes