(S)-malate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 6 October 2026 · Reactions · API

502 compounds within 3 steps: 14 in 1, 107 in 2, 381 in 3

Three steps

(13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
(11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
(17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
(9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
(11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes
nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes
(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid
Catalysed by CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine
Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Production of Suberylcarnitine
Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
Catalysed by CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes
(11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, RIDAmitochondrial matrix
(R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec
Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol
(13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
2-aminoprop-2-enoateReach from here →
1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
3. D-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O
Catalysed by ME2, ME3, SRRmitochondrial matrix
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
Catalysed by CS, CRAT, CROTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes
tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal
Catalysed by CS, ACAA1, HSD17B4, EHHADH and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisome
hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine
Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)
Catalysed by CS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
(9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol
3-phenyllactateReach from here →
1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
3. Formation of Phenyl-Lactate
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADATcytosol
glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, ABCC4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes
(12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol
(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes
(3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by CS, ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol
N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GLYATL2One of 2 routes
(2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by CS, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol
N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAAT
N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAAT
N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAAT
16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC25A10, STS, CYP3A7mitochondrial matrix, cytosol
(7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes
tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)
Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol
(12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol
thromboxane B2Reach from here →
1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
Catalysed by ME2, ME3, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
(13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GSTA1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol
3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate 9-phosphateReach from here →
1. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
2. phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + citrate(out) = phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + citrate(in)
3. aldehydo-D-mannose 6-phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate 9-phosphate + phosphate
Catalysed by SLC25A1, NANSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane