sphing-4-enine

Three steps

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (24S)-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, ENPP2, GDPD3, GDPD1 and 1 more

• a fatty aldehydeReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid
  3. a fatty aldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = a fatty acid + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 more

• 12-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine
  2. H2O[c] + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = lauric acid[c] + sphingosine[c]
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-lactoseReach from here →
  1. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by B4GALT2, LALBA, B4GALT1cytosol, Golgi apparatus

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = cholesteryl hexadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = D-galactose + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 more

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  3. D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 3 routes

• N-octanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-N-octanoylsphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-octanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 more

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate) + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 11 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (24R)-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (24R)-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  2. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase
  2. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1 and 2 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  3. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5, CERS2 and 15 more

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  2. H2O[r] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[r] = oleate[r] + sphingosine[r]
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 9 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, ASAH1, AMDHD2

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, PLA2G15, ENPP2, GDPD3 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus

• (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + octadecanoate
  3. octadecanoate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, TLCD3B, CERS2, CERS4 and 4 more

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, PLA2G4C, GDPD5, GPCPD1

• ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase
  2. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  3. Phosphoethanolamine phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 15 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatus

• CDP-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase
  2. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  3. CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• sphinganine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase
  2. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  3. Sphinganine-1-phosphate pamlmitaldehyde-lyase

  Catalysed by DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1, SGPL1cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 10 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 5 routes

• glycerol 2-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
  3. Glycerophosphocholine Phosphodiesterase

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, PLA2G4C, GPCPD1cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, ASAH1, HDAC10

• a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by PAFAH2, PLA2G15, LPCAT4

• alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

  Catalysed by GALTcytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes