S-formylglutathione

Three steps

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR, PRODH, PRODH2

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, CDO1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by ESD, LTC4S, GGT1, GGT5cytosol

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosol

• 18-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP4F8cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 3-demethylubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10
  3. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR, COQ3

• (R)-adrenalineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-adrenaline + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:730073Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC22A13, MPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:742324Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, COMT and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX12Bcytosol, extracellular space

• (8S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 8-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-O-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenylglycerolReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by ESD, FAAHcytosol, extracellular space

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 20-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2
  3. 10-HETE[n] + NAD+[n] = H+[n] + NADH[n] + 20-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate[n]

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, ADH4cytosol, extracellular space, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• 7-oxolithocholateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ursodeoxycholate + NAD(+) = 7-oxolithocholate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HSD17B10cytosol, extracellular space

• (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 11R-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate: oxygen 11-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, MOCOScytosol

• an alkyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. an alcohol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = an alkyl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CP, PRDX6, SULT2B1 and 2 more

• 14,15-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and 24 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 8,9-epoxy-(5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and 23 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ABHD16Acytosol, extracellular space

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ABHD16Acytosol, extracellular space

• 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-heptadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ABHD16Acytosol, extracellular space

• 11beta-prostaglandin F2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin D2 + NADPH + H(+) = 11beta-prostaglandin F2 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, AKR1C3, AKR1C2cytosol, extracellular space

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, TBXAS1, CYP2S1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYP4F8cytosol, extracellular space

• prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin-E synthase (prostaglandin E1)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, PTGES, PTGES3 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, CYP4F8cytosol, extracellular space

• (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 more

• (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 more

• (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 more

• 15-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = 15-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX15Bcytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = 5-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX15Bcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix