an N-acylsphing-4-enine

Three steps

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid
  2. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 more

• a 2-acyl-6-[alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 2-acyl-6-[alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = a 2-acyl-6-[alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 2-acyl-6-[2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 2-acyl-6-(alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = a 2-acyl-6-[2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 2-acyl-6-[6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 2-acyl-6-[alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = a 2-acyl-6-[6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 2-acyl-6-[6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 2-acyl-6-[6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = a 2-acyl-6-[6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-6-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-2-phosphoethanolamine-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl]-1-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  Catalysed by ASAH1lysosome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1,2,3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1,2,3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + H2O = 1,2-di-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, DAGLBlysosome, extracellular space

• N-hexadecanoyl-sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. sphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  3. sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoyl-sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, FAAH, PM20D1lysosome, extracellular space

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid
  2. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 more

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 14 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 46 routes

• (7S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (7S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ALOX5lysosome, extracellular space

• (11S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (11S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ALOX15lysosome, extracellular space

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ALOX12lysosome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ALOX15B, ALOX15lysosome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ALOX5lysosome, extracellular space, cytosol

• a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acylglycerolReach from here →
  1. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 2-acylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SGMS1, SGMS2, DAGLB, ABHD11 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 36 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, CH25H, CHDH

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase
  3. plasmenylethanolamine 2-acylhydrolase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 22 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• beta-D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  2. D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
  3. D-glucose 1-epimerase

  Catalysed by UGCG, GBA1, GBA3, GBA2 and 1 morecytosol

• D-galactono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = D-galactose + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by UGT8, GBA1, GALC, GBA3 and 2 more

• hexadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. formate dehydrogenase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, peroxisome

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  2. D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
  3. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by UGCG, GBA1, GBA3, GBA2 and 4 morecytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase
  2. 3'-Phosphoadenylylsulfate:galactosylceramide 3'-sulfotransferase
  3. Sulfatide sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by UGT8, GAL3ST1, ARSA, ARSD and 1 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 6 routes

• D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  2. D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
  3. D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by UGCG, GBA1, GBA3, GBA2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 9 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16566Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)
  3. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. ATP:1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, OSBP, PTPRQ and 12 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes