thioredoxin disulfide

Three steps

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  3. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 20 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2'-deoxycytidineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  3. dCTP + H2O = 2'-deoxycytidine + triphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 52 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. solute carrier (L-dopa)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  3. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  3. dATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 39 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisome

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space