(S)-lactate

Three steps

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 32 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MMACHCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by CNDP2, CMA1extracellular space

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetoneReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, PAHcytosol

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-propanoylating)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. alanine racemase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 16 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by CNDP2, PAH

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, MGST3, GSTA4, GSTA1 and 14 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 9 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, EPXcytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 morecytosol

• (R)-glycerateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MPO, CA1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleus

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycolaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes