L-leucine

Three steps

• (2E)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. trans-oct-2-enoyl-CoA reductase

  Catalysed by CROT, MECRmitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC4A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGT1, GGT5extracellular space, cytosol

• an all-trans-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinol + an acyl-CoA = an all-trans-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a triacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxoeicosasphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + L-serine + H(+) = 3-oxoeicosasphinganine + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-oxoeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (malonyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-docosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-docosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-eicosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-eicosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. sphinganine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. sphinganine + tetradecanoyl-CoA = N-(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxohexadecasphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + L-serine + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecasphinganine + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxotetradecasphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + L-serine + H(+) = 3-oxotetradecasphinganine + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by BCAT2, AADAT, KYAT3mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (malonyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 11 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxodocosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (eicosanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 11 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxo-(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)
  3. (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxo-(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-oxo-(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)
  3. (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxo-(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by BCAT2, AADAT, HOGA1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (lauroyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (myristoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PM20D1, ABHD12

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PM20D1, ABHD16A

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + tetradecanoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. sphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadien-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadien-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-threonylcarbamoyladenylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-threonine + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10, YRDCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane