Catalyst

Reference

Evidence

CompoundsSubstances with curated findings
OutcomesMeasured endpoints
ProteinsTransporters and enzymes
InteractionsPairs that share biology
PapersEvery paper a finding cites
ArticlesReadings of the evidence

Chemistry

ReactionsRhea and Human-GEM, by subsystem
ReachWhat a compound can become

Reference layer

PathwaysReactions grouped under one name
ProcessesWhat proteins are annotated as doing
AnatomyTissues, by what is expressed there
Cell typesCells, by what is expressed there
OrganismsSpecies a compound is prepared from
MaterialsSubstances that are not one molecule
AssessmentsRegulatory determinations, transcribed
DiseasesFeatures, genes, and where each sits

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Search the graph

Search ?

Reference

Evidence

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Interactions
Papers
Articles

Chemistry

Reactions
Reach

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Loading the page.

Catalyst

Computational infrastructure for human biology, built on a provenance-aware knowledge graph. Findings retain their sources; research and simulation are the next layers.

The graph

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Atlas
Interactions
Papers
Articles
Graph
Search

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases
Reactions
Reach

How it works

Mission
Method
Twin
How to read the evidence
Sources and licences

Build on it

Access
In your assistant
For agents
Query the graph
Bulk export

A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

Reach

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

546 compounds within 3 steps: 5 in 1, 104 in 2, 437 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
Catalysed by KYNU, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS
(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
Catalysed by KMO, AADATOne of 3 routes
(2Z,4Z)-2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehydeReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
2. 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = (2Z,4Z)-2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde
Catalysed by KYNU, HAAO
glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
Catalysed by KYAT3, AADATcytosolOne of 2 routes
N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
2. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2
N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
2. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, BAAT
N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
2. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, BAAT
N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
2. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, BAAT

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by KMO, AADATcytosol
(S)-carnitineReach from here →
Catalysed by KYNU, CPT1A,

Page 3 of 11

CPT1C

, CPT1B

mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

One of 245 routes

2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

2-phenylpropan-2-olReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
cumene hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = 2-phenylpropan-2-ol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, CLIC2 and 3 more

(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, MOCS1

a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acidReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX1 and 2 more

AReach from here →

L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, MOCOSOne of 72 routes

tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
transport of GSH and tauroursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

N-(12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)
N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + O2 = N-(12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2, ALOX15 and 1 more

N-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)
N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + O2 = N-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2, ALOX15B and 2 more

(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2One of 2 routes

(11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
glutathione transferase (GSH)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, PTGES and 20 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

prostaglandin E3Reach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

prostaglandin H3Reach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
prostaglandin G3 + AH2 = prostaglandin H3 + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

prostaglandin A2Reach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

prostaglandin B1Reach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

leukotriene F4Reach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
transport of GSH and leukotriene F4 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTA1 and 1 more

prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 more

prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTA1 and 2 more

prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 more

13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, BAAT, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
Transport of L-Kynurenine
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
Transport of L-Kynurenine
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
Transport of L-Kynurenine
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by KMO, SLC43A1, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

(13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2

acetoacetateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

(13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
(13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTM4 and 1 more

2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, PTGS2

N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

Catalysed by KYNU, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 morecytosol

S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, MMACHC

N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes