beta-alanine

Three steps

• AReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 72 routes

• (5E)-tetradecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((9E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• pregnenolone sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• androsterone 3alpha-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin H3Reach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin G3 + AH2 = prostaglandin H3 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysineReach from here →
  1. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GGACTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4, SLC16A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2

• N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 morecytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, ARSL and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-sulfinopyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate + H(+) = beta-alanine + CO2
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Nalpha-(beta-alanyl)-L-histidine hydrolase
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1, CNDP2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(pros)-methyl-L-histidineReach from here →
  1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)
  3. anserine + H2O = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine + beta-alanine

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CARNMT1, CNDP1

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, DPEP1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A9, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, AACScytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC5A7, CHATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4, SLC16A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes