hypotaurine

Three steps

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO3

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO3

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO3

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO3

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, HADHA and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, HADHA and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ECHS1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ECHS1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, SULT2A1cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, SLC6A6, SLC6A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, SLC6A6, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DHFR and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ACSM4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ACAA1 and 2 moreperoxisomeOne of 7 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, SCLY

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, SLC6A6, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC22A24 and 1 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, GATM, SLC25A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GADL1, CSAD, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, CH25H

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, RETSAT

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 more

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, MTO1, DIO1 and 1 more

• glycineReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, GLYAT and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 17 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ALDH6A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ACP2peroxisome, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ACAA1 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, ACSM4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = taurine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by FMO3, FMO1, BAAT, SUCLG1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes