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(S)-2,3-epoxysqualene

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

25 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 4 in 2, 19 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

squaleneReach from here →
1. squalene + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)
Catalysed by SQLE
lanosterolReach from here →
1. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Catalysed by LSScytosolOne of 3 routes

Two steps

formateReach from here →
1. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
2. lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1cytosol
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-olReach from here →
1. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
2. Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8cytosolOne of 4 routes

Three steps

2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes
acetoacetateReach from here →

24,25-dihydrolanosterol

Reach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol delta24-reductase

Catalysed by LSS, DHCR24cytosolOne of 2 routes

formic acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8cytosolOne of 2 routes

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

pyruvateReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

formaldehydeReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, ALDH9A1cytosol

(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-olReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
C-14 Sterol Reductase

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, TM7SF2cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, MTHFD1, MTHFD1Lcytosol

chlorine(.)Reach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

acetateReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

oxalateReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, SLC26A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

propionic acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

butyric acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

(S)-lactic acidReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14-Alpha-Demethylase (NADP)
transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP4F8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, ADI1cytosolOne of 2 routes

S-formylglutathioneReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, ESDcytosol

N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O + 4 H(+)
N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

Catalysed by LSS, CYP51A1, AFMIDcytosol

4,4-dimethyl-8,14-cholestadien-3beta-olReach from here →

(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol-forming)
lanosterol delta24-reductase
24,25-dihydrolanosterol to 4,4-Dimethylcholesta-8(9),14-Dien-3Beta-Ol conversion

Catalysed by LSS, DHCR24cytosolOne of 2 routes