a fatty acyl-CoA

Three steps

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. a sphingomyelin + H2O = phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (24S)-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, ALAS1, ALAS2

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAAT

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = cholesteryl hexadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, AADATOne of 11 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GCATmitochondrial matrix

• D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = D-galactose + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 more

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
  3. D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 3 routes

• N-octanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-N-octanoylsphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-octanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 more

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate) + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreOne of 2 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GATMcytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 11 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (24R)-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (24R)-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GLDC, GCSHmitochondrial matrix

• N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-sphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid
  3. 2-hydroxytetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-sphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS5, CERS4 and 5 more

• an N-acylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = an N-acylethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PLA2G4E, PLAAT5, PLAAT2 and 1 more

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS5, CERS4 and 5 more

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS5, CERS4 and 5 more

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, PIPOXOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SHMT1, SHMT2

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 16 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 9 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, GATMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes