L-alanine

Three steps

• prostaglandin A2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin J2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of 15-Keto-Prostaglandin F2A, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene F4Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. leukotriene F4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A7, GGACTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTA1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTA1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 29 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2, HPGDS

• all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2, PTGES

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTM4 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazoleReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, PFAS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CROT, PHYHmitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 28 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-sulfinopyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, MMACHCmitochondrial matrix

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z)-octadecenamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrix

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1mitochondrial matrix

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, MMACHCmitochondrial matrix

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GARTmitochondrial matrix

• kinetensin-(1-8)Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Chymase
  3. kinetensin + H2O = kinetensin-(1-8) + L-leucine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1, ACE2extracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol