glyoxylic acid

Three steps

• a quinoneReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CLYBL, FH, SDHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione transferase (GSH)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, PTGES and 20 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• pregnenolone sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, STSperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• androsterone 3alpha-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, STSperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin E3Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• prostaglandin A2Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin J2Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Transport of 15-Keto-Prostaglandin F2A, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene F4Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene F4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTA1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTA1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTP1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, BAAT, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, PM20D1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, PM20D1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, PM20D1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, STSperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, STSperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTM4 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CROT, PHYHmitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 29 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, MMACHCmitochondrial matrix

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z)-octadecenamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, PAMmitochondrial matrix

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GATM, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GATM, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A6, CARNS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, DPEP1mitochondrial matrix