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Reach

choline

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

807 compounds within 3 steps: 8 in 1, 196 in 2, 603 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2
(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2
13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2
(13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS1, PTGS2

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
Catalysed by CHAT, BCHE and 3 more

Page 5 of 17

, ACHE

, SLC16A4

cytosol, extracellular space

One of 4 routes

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

Catalysed by CHAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →

choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

Catalysed by CHDH, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 1 more

(5E)-tetradecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((9E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 7 routes

S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
butanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 6 morecytosol

S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, CROT, NUDT19, NUDT7 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + H2O = decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 morecytosol

S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O = tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
an acyl-CoA + H2O = an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of glycoursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2, ALOX5

(11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
glutathione transferase (GSH)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PTGES and 20 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2, ALOX5

pregnenolone sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

androsterone 3alpha-sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

prostaglandin E3Reach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

prostaglandin A2Reach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

prostaglandin B1Reach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

leukotriene F4Reach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of leukotriene F4 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2Reach from here →

choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2

Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2, HPGDS

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

Catalysed by CHAT, BCHE, ACHE, HDAC10cytosol

cholesterol sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

acetoacetateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by CHAT, BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →

choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2

Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS2, PTGES

an N-acyl-aromatic L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →

an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
an N-acyl-aromatic L-alpha-amino acid + H2O = an aromatic L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate

Catalysed by BCHE, PM20D1, ACY3

2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CHAT, CROT, PHYHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CHAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 morecytosol

2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →

Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol