O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine

Three steps

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC33A1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, UGT1A9 and 5 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Fas180

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, FAAHcytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Active Transport
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOT7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC33A1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 28 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-acetyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, BAATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, FAAHcytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, DGAT1 and 4 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, CYP4F2 and 1 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC33A1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Active Transport
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACADS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 10 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 6 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  3. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, CPT2cytosol, peroxisome

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUCLG1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 18 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 12 routes