CHEBI:16284

Three steps

• thioredoxin disulfideReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosol

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• dUMPReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)
  3. dCMP aminohydrolase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of citrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 9 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)
  3. beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPDA1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• alpha-lactoseReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  2. D-Glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HK3, HKDC1 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. dTTP + H2O = thymidine + triphosphate + H(+)
  3. thymidine + phosphate = 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + thymine

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 1 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by HK1, HK2, HKDC1, GNPNAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 11 routes