L-cystine-bis-glycine

Three steps

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, TXNRD1, TXNRD3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, ACSM4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, CTH, HOGA1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, GGT1, GGT5cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, GSS, SQOR

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, SLC7A9, NOS3 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, AADAT, KYAT3

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, CTH, HOGA1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CRAT and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, ACAA1 and 3 moreperoxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by DPEP1, DPEP2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes