taurine

Three steps

• prostaglandin A2Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene F4Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. leukotriene F4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by BAAT, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GGACTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTA1, GSTM1peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTP1, GSTM1peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTA1, GSTP1 and 1 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTP1, GSTM1peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, HPGDS

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, PTGES

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTM4, LTC4Speroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, CROT, PHYHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, MMACHCperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CROT, GLYATL2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, MMACHCperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol