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A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

Reach

formic acid

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

472 compounds within 3 steps: 11 in 1, 97 in 2, 364 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, HDAC10extracellular space, cytosol
(3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol
an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ACY3extracellular space, cytosol
5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol
4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
(4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol
(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol
2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol
CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5

Page 3 of 10

, AACS

, HMGCS1

extracellular space, cytosol

One of 320 routes

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →

transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
(R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →

transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

AReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosol

(5E)-tetradecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Carnitine Transport by Atb0
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((9E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
butanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

tauroursodeoxycholateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

pregnenolone sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

androsterone 3alpha-sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →

transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(R)-glutathione

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →

transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →

transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport
prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →

transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport
prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →

transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

all-trans-4-oxoretinoateReach from here →

transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
cytochrome P450 (retinoate)
cytochrome P450 (4-hydroxy-all-trans-retinoate)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, CYP26A1, CYP26B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

cholesterol sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

all-trans-4-hydroxy-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)-retinoateReach from here →

transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
cytochrome P450 (retinoate)
all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = all-trans-4-hydroxy-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)-retinoate + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, CYP26A1, UGT2B7extracellular space, cytosol

an aryl sulfateReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →

transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol

N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-decanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

N-octanoylglycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

L-homoarginineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC25A29extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

L-homocarnosineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
Formation of homocarnosine

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, DPEP1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →

transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
1-hexadecanoyl-2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-nonadioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

kinetensinReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
Chymase

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →

transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol