all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate

Three steps

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 13-cis-retinal to retinal conversion

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, DHRS3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 9 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, RETSAT and 1 more

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 13 more

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate
  3. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, NAAA and 3 morenucleus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• sphinganine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+) = hexadecanal + NAD(+) + H2O
  3. Sphinganine-1-phosphate pamlmitaldehyde-lyase

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, ALDH3B1 and 3 morecytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. L-serine + hexadecanoyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxosphinganine + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 13 more

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 11 more

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, RETSAT and 1 more

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 13 moreOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 12 moreOne of 12 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, RETSAT and 1 more

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 12 more

• 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 11 more

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• N-hexadecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (4R)-hydroxysphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 12 more

• N-hexadecanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. sphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 13 more

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, RETSAT and 1 more

• 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by PNLIP, PNPLA4, LIPE, SLC27A2 and 13 more