a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E))

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

228 compounds within 3 steps: 5 in 1, 17 in 2, 206 in 3

Three steps

decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
(2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 11 routes
(4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol
CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 10 routes
docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes
(2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes
(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol
ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)/18:0)Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
(13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
(11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
(15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
(17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
(9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1cytosolOne of 4 routes
decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Production of Suberylcarnitine
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes
hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1cytosolOne of 4 routes
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes
(11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
(R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol
(13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CRAT, CROTcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes
tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACAA1, HSD17B4 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisome
hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes
pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2cytosolOne of 2 routes
undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)
Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 5 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 7 routes
a ganglioside GT1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GQ1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0)Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosol, nucleus