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taurine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

839 compounds within 3 steps: 12 in 1, 217 in 2, 610 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

(R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec
Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol
(13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)
Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
Catalysed by BAAT, CRAT, CROTperoxisomeOne of 3 routes
tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal
Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, HSD17B4, EHHADH and 1 moreperoxisome
hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine
Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes
pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes
undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)
Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes
(9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2
(9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2
(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, MOCOS
(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes
(3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by BAAT, ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix
(7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes
tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)
Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes
prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2
(13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2

Three steps

beta-carbolineReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC6A6, and 2 more

Page 5 of 17

SLC26A4

, SLC16A4

, SLC16A5

extracellular space, cytosol

One of 2 routes

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →

Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)
L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →

uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(15S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

Catalysed by MTO1, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 1 more

2-phenylpropan-2-olReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
cumene hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = 2-phenylpropan-2-ol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, CLIC2, GPX1 and 2 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acidReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(5E)-tetradecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((9E)-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
butanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-butanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
octanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-octanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, CROT, NUDT19, NUDT7 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
decanoyl-CoA + H2O = decanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol

S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-dodecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol

tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O = tetradecanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol

an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
an acyl-CoA + H2O = an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

glycoursodeoxycholateReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion

Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, ALOX5

(11S,15S)-dihydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-(5Z,8Z,12E)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
glutathione transferase (GSH)

Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PTGES and 20 moreperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

(5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →

uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O
(18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(18R)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate

Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, ALOX5

pregnenolone sulfateReach from here →

Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
Steryl-Sulfatase

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

androsterone 3alpha-sulfateReach from here →

Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

prostaglandin E3Reach from here →

Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
transport of GSH and prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes