(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-acetamidobutanalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. N-Acetylputrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• NAADP(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-N-acetylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-N-acetylsphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, RIDAmitochondrial matrix

• 2-aminoprop-2-enoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SRRmitochondrial matrix

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.5

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 9-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. retinol binding protein (retinal)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 11beta-prostaglandin F2Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport
  2. prostaglandin J2 hydrolysis
  3. prostaglandin D2 + NADPH + H(+) = 11beta-prostaglandin F2 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by AKR1C3, AKR1C2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + ATP = N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate = 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + H2O

  Catalysed by CYB5D1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. glutathione peroxidase (13(S)-HPODE)

  Catalysed by CYB5D1, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• thiamine(1+) diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PDHA1, PDHB and 2 moremitochondrial matrix