a fatty acid

Three steps

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• L-glyceraldehydeReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. glycerol + NADP(+) = L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by LIPE, AKR1A1, AKR1B1

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  3. dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS5 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• all-trans-4-oxoretinolReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinol)

  Catalysed by RPE65, CES2, RBP4, LIPF and 18 morecytosol

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. retinol binding protein (retinol)

  Catalysed by RPE65, CES2, RBP4, LIPF and 19 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ABHD11, PLA2G15One of 2 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by RPE65, CES2, RBP4, LIPF and 18 morecytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, PTDSS1, PTDSS2

• glycineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, GLYATL2

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase
  3. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by LIPE, AGKcytosol

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. glycerol + ATP = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by LIPE, GK, GK3, GK2 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, PTDSS1, PTDSS2

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + ATP = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 more

• sn-glycerol 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate

  Catalysed by LIPE, PGP

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• sphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS5 and 4 more

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ABHD11, PLA2G15One of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABHD11, AGK

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ABHD11, PLA2G15One of 2 routes

• phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, SAMD8

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, PLA2G4E, PLAAT5 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, PLA2G15One of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-methylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-methylethanolamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, PEMT

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACSL3, LPGAT1, DDHD1One of 2 routes

• an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS5 and 3 more

• all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol

  Catalysed by RPE65, CES2, RBP4, LIPF and 17 morecytosol

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. 1-acylglycerol acylhydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by LIPE, ABHD12, MGLL, ABHD6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• 1-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase
  3. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by LIPE, AGKcytosol

• 1-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase
  3. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by LIPE, AGKcytosol

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ACSL3, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 6 moreOne of 2 routes